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7 Sulfur Sulfur (S) is unique in having changed within just a few years, from being viewed as an undesired pollutant to being seen as a major nutrient limiting plant production in Western Europe. In East Asia, where, under current legislative restrictions | CRC_DK2972_Ch007.qxd 6 30 2006 3 59 PM Page 183 7 Sulfur Silvia I laneklaus Elke Bloem and Ewald Schnug Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science Braunschweig Germany Luit J. de Kok and Ineke Stulen University of Groningen Haren The Netherlands CONTENTS 7.1 Introduction .183 7.2 Sulfur in Plant Physiology .184 7.2.1 Uptake Transport and Assimilation of Sulfate.185 7.2.1.1 Foliar Uptake and Metabolism of Sulfurous Gases .187 7.2.2 Major Organic Sulfur Compounds.188 7.2.3 Secondary Sulfur Compounds .192 7.2.4 Interactions between Sulfur and Other Minerals .195 7.2.4.1 Nitrogen-Sulfur Interactions.195 7.2.4.2 Interactions between Sulfur and Micronutrients .197 7.3 Sulfur in Plant Nutrition .198 7.3.1 Diagnosis of Sulfur Nutritional Status.198 7.3.1.1 Symptomatology of Single Plants.198 7.3.1.2 Symptomatology of Monocots .200 7.3.1.3 Sulfur Deficiency Symptoms on a Field Scale .201 7.4 Soil Analysis .202 7.5 Plant Analysis.206 7.5.1 Analytical Methods .206 7.5.2 Assessment of Critical Nutrient Values .208 7.5.3 Sulfur Status and Plant Health .217 7.6 Sulfur Fertilization .219 Acknowledgment .223 References .223 7.1 INTRODUCTION Sulfur S is unique in having changed within just a few years from being viewed as an undesired pollutant to being seen as a major nutrient limiting plant production in Western Europe. In East Asia where under current legislative restrictions sulfur dioxide SO2 emissions are expected to increase further by 34 by 2030 1 considerations of sulfur pollution are a major issue. Similarly in Europe sulfur is still associated with its once detrimental effects on forests which peaked in the 183 CRC_DK2972_Ch007.qxd 6 30 2006 3 59 PM Page 184 184 Handbook of Plant Nutrition 1970s 2 and which gave this element the name yellow poison. With Clean Air Acts coming into force at the start of the 1980s atmospheric sulfur depositions were reduced drastically and rapidly in Western Europe and declined further in the 1990s after the political transition of .
