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The microprocessor is the core of computer systems. Nowadays many communication, digital entertainment, portable devices, are controlled by them. A designer should know what types of components he needs, ways to reduce production costs and product reliable. CPU is stand-alone, RAM, ROM, I/O, timer are separate. | Microcontroller 8051 Why do we need to learn Microprocessors/controllers? The microprocessor is the core of computer systems. Nowadays many communication, digital entertainment, portable devices, are controlled by them. A designer should know what types of components he needs, ways to reduce production costs and product reliable. Different aspects of a microprocessor/controller Hardware :Interface to the real world Software :order how to deal with inputs The necessary tools for a microprocessor/controller CPU: Central Processing Unit I/O: Input /Output Bus: Address bus & Data bus Memory: RAM & ROM Timer Interrupt Serial Port Parallel Port CPU General-Purpose Micro-processor RAM ROM I/O Port Timer Serial COM Port Data Bus Address Bus General-Purpose Microprocessor System Microprocessors: CPU for Computers No RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself Example：Intel’s x86, Motorola’s 680x0 Many chips on mother’s board General-purpose microprocessor Intel’s x86: . | Microcontroller 8051 Why do we need to learn Microprocessors/controllers? The microprocessor is the core of computer systems. Nowadays many communication, digital entertainment, portable devices, are controlled by them. A designer should know what types of components he needs, ways to reduce production costs and product reliable. Different aspects of a microprocessor/controller Hardware :Interface to the real world Software :order how to deal with inputs The necessary tools for a microprocessor/controller CPU: Central Processing Unit I/O: Input /Output Bus: Address bus & Data bus Memory: RAM & ROM Timer Interrupt Serial Port Parallel Port CPU General-Purpose Micro-processor RAM ROM I/O Port Timer Serial COM Port Data Bus Address Bus General-Purpose Microprocessor System Microprocessors: CPU for Computers No RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself Example：Intel’s x86, Motorola’s 680x0 Many chips on mother’s board General-purpose microprocessor Intel’s x86: 8086,8088,80386,80486, Pentium Motorola’s 680x0: 68000, 68010, 68020,68030,6040 RAM ROM I/O Port Timer Serial COM Port Microcontroller CPU A smaller computer On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports. Example：Motorola’s 6811, Intel’s 8051, Zilog’s Z8 and PIC 16X A single chip Microcontroller : Microprocessor CPU is stand-alone, RAM, ROM, I/O, timer are separate designer can decide on the amount of ROM, RAM and I/O ports. expansive versatility general-purpose Microcontroller CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and timer are all on a single chip fix amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, I/O ports for applications in which cost, power and space are critical single-purpose Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller versatility 多用途的: any number of applications for PC Embedded system means the processor is embedded into that application. An embedded product uses a microprocessor or microcontroller to do one task only. In an embedded system, there is only one application software that is typically burned into ROM. Example：printer, keyboard, .
