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Nonlinear Analysis of Bridge Structures

Nonlinear Analysis of Bridge Structures 36.1 36.2 36.3 Introduction Analysis Classification and General Guidelines Classifications • General Guidelines 36 Geometrical Nonlinearity Formulations Two-Dimensional Members • Three-Dimensional Members 36.4 Material Nonlinearity Formulations Structural Concrete • Structural and Reinforcement Steel 36.5 Nonlinear Section Analysis Basic Assumptions and Formulations • Modeling and Solution Procedures • Yield Surface Equations 36.6 Mohammed Akkari California Department of Transportation Nonlinear Frame Analysis Elastic–Plastic Hinge Analysis • Refined Plastic Hinge Analysis • Distributed Plasticity Analysis. | Akkari M. Duan L. Nonlinear Analysis of Bridge Structures. Bridge Engineering Handbook. Ed. Wai-Fah Chen and Lian Duan Boca Raton CRC Press 2000 36 Nonlinear Analysis of Bridge Structures Mohammed Akkari California Department of Transportation Lian Duan California Department of Transportation 36.1 Introduction 36.2 Analysis Classification and General Guidelines Classifications General Guidelines 36.3 Geometrical Nonlinearity Formulations Two-Dimensional Members Three-Dimensional Members 36.4 Material Nonlinearity Formulations Structural Concrete Structural and Reinforcement Steel 36.5 Nonlinear Section Analysis Basic Assumptions and Formulations Modeling and Solution Procedures Yield Surface Equations 36.6 Nonlinear Frame Analysis Elastic-Plastic Hinge Analysis Refined Plastic Hinge Analysis Distributed Plasticity Analysis 36.7 Practical Applications Displacement-Based Seismic Design Static Push-Over Analysis Example 36.1 Reinforced Concrete Multicolumn Bent Frame with P-A Effects Example 36.2 Steel Multicolumn Bent Frame Seismic Evaluation 36.1 Introduction In recent years nonlinear bridge analysis has gained a greater momentum because of the need to assess inelastic structural behavior under seismic loads. Common seismic design philosophies for ordinary bridges allow some degree of damage without collapse. To control and evaluate damage a postelastic nonlinear analysis is required. A nonlinear analysis is complex and involves many simplifying assumptions. Engineers must be familiar with those complexities and assumptions to design bridges that are safe and economical. Many factors contribute to the nonlinear behavior of a bridge. These include factors such as material inelasticity geometric or second-order effects nonlinear soil-foundation-structure interaction gap opening and closing at hinges and abutment locations time-dependent effects due to concrete creep and shrinkage etc. The subject of nonlinear analysis is extremely broad and cannot be covered in detail