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Gale Encyclopedia of American Law Volume 12 P38 fully illuminates today's leading cases, major statutes, legal terms and concepts, notable persons involved with the law, important documents and more. Legal issues are fully discussed in easy-to-understand language, including such high-profile topics as the Americans with Disabilities Act, capital punishment, domestic violence, gay and lesbian rights, physician-assisted suicide and thousands more. | MILESTONES IN THE LAW NEW YORK TIMES V. SULLIVAN 357 when this Court in Brown v. Board of Education 347 U.S. 483 enunciated the fundamental constitutional principle that racial segregation in the field of public education stamped Negroes with a badge of inferiority and violated the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment. For almost a decade to this very day there has been massive resistance to this decision. Mendelson Discrimination 40 1962 also see id. pp. 33-68 passim . The State of Alabama has been a leader of the resistance. This Court in 1958 was compelled to observe that the constitutional rights of school children can neither be nullified openly and directly by state legislators or state executives or judicial officers nor nullified indirectly by them through evasive schemes for segregation whether attempted ingeniously or ingenuously Cooper v. Aaron 358 U.S. 1 17 Emphasis added . In 1960 this Court in a unanimous memorandum made it clear that it would brook no further delay through the series of laws based upon the concept of interposition Bush v. Orleans School Board 364 U.S. 500 . Dilatory requests for review have been refused. Tokenism as a device is under challenge.15 The resistance techniques have taken many forms some subtle and others overt including contempt of federal court orders by the Governors of Alabama and Mississippi which required the use of federal troops to enforce basic constitutional rights. Ironically the resistance took the equitable concept of all deliberate speed Brown v. Board of Education 349 U.S. 294 301 which this Court proffered as a shield and converted it to a sword. It was employed not for consideration of a prompt and reasonable start towards full compliance 349 U.S. at 300 but for resistance and nullification. This Court in its last term recognized that the concept of all deliberate speed had been abused and subverted. Watson v. City of Memphis 373 U.S. 526.16 This Court has been vigilant as it
