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Hợp đồng dịch vụ xác định đảm bảo rằng sẽ được đáp ứng bởi nhà cung cấp cả dịch vụ và người mua của hợp đồng. Như chúng ta đã thấy trong Chương 2, hợp đồng dịch vụ có thể phải linh hoạt đảm bảo về hiệu suất, cho phép cả các nhà điều hành mạng và người sử dụng để thay đổi các thông số quan trọng, chẳng hạn như tốc độ mà những người sử dụng có thể gửi dữ liệu đến mạng. Cả hai bên có thể có lợi. Nếu năng động giá cả có sẵn, người. | Pricing Communication Networks Economics Technology and Modelling. Costas Courcoubetis and Richard Weber Copyright 2003 John Wiley Sons Ltd. ISBN 0-470-85130-9 10 Charging Flexible Contracts Service contracts define guarantees that are to be met by both the service provider and the buyer of the contract. As we saw in Chapter 2 service contracts may have flexible guarantees in terms of performance that allow both the network operator and the user to vary important parameters such as the rate at which the users may send data to the network. Both parties can benefit. If dynamic pricing is available the user can dynamically vary the amount of resources he consumes by changing his willingness to pay. The network can control congestion by dynamically adjusting the share of resources that each user is allowed making use of the loose obligations in the contracts. Flexibility is particularly useful when the load on the network dynamically rises and falls as connections start and finish or the available capacity fluctuates. Flexibility can also benefit a user whose resource requirements vary with time. He need not predict and reserve at the start what he thinks his maximum resource requirements might be. The network also benefits because it need not reserve resources that might not be used and so more service requests can be accommodated. Of course by not reserving his maximum requirements a user runs the risk that at a future time the resources he needs may be unavailable or too expensive to obtain. Since the time-varying availability of resources means that flexible contracts do not provide strict performance guarantees users with applications that require strict guarantees may prefer contracts whose parameters are defined at the time the contract is set up and remain static throughout their lives. Such contracts can be priced using the ideas for guaranteed services described in Chapter 8. Contracts with flexible guarantees are appropriate for elastic applications. An .
