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The auxin response factor (ARF) gene family is involved in plant development and hormone regulation. Although the ARF gene family has been studied in some plant species, its structural features, molecular evolution, and expression profiling in Brachypodium distachyon L. are still not clear. | Genome-wide identification molecular evolution and expression analysis of auxin response factor ARF gene family in Brachypodium distachyon L .den color inherit .ttnd ol .ttnd ul .ttnd dl padding 0 0px 0 20px .ttnd hr margin 10px 0px .ttnd a href javascript void 0 .ttnd a href color inherit dtextscript p text-align left dtextscript img vertical-align middle Liu et al. BMC Plant Biology 2018 18 336 lt br gt https doi.org 10.1186 s12870-018-1559-z lt br gt lt br gt lt br gt lt br gt lt br gt RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access lt br gt lt br gt Genome-wide identification molecular lt br gt evolution and expression analysis of auxin lt br gt response factor ARF gene family in lt br gt Brachypodium distachyon L lt br gt Nannan Liu Liwei Dong Xiong Deng Dongmiao Liu Yue Liu Mengfei Li Yingkao Hu and Yueming Yan lt br gt lt br gt lt br gt Abstract lt br gt Background The auxin response factor ARF gene family is involved in plant development and hormone lt br gt regulation. Although the ARF gene family has been studied in some plant species its structural features molecular lt br gt evolution and expression profiling in Brachypodium distachyon L. are still not clear. lt br gt Results Genome-wide analysis identified 19 ARF genes in B. distachyon. A phylogenetic tree constructed with 182 lt br gt ARF genes from seven plant species revealed three different clades and the ARF genes from within a clade lt br gt exhibited structural conservation although certain divergences occurred in different clades. The branch-site model lt br gt identified some sites where positive selection may have occurred and functional divergence analysis found more lt br gt Type II divergence sites than Type I. In particular both positive selection and functional divergence may have lt br gt occurred in 241H 243G 244 L 310 T 340G and 355 T. Subcellular localization prediction and experimental lt br gt verification indicated that BdARF proteins were present in the nucleus. Transcript expression analysis .
