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The survival and well-being of all species requires appropriate physiological responses to environmental and homeostatic challenges. Disruptions in homeostasis (ie, stress) place demands on the body that are met by the activation of 2 systems, the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Stressor-induced activation of the HPA axis and the SNS results in a series of neural and endocrine adaptations known as the “stress response” or “stress cascade.” A challenge to homeostasis (a stressor) initiates the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus, which in turn results in release of adrenocortiotropin hormone (ACTH) into general circulation. | Nội dung Text Neuro endocrine strategies during adaptation to stress
