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Endophytes are the organisms that live within plant tissues and spend at least a half of their life time without causing disease under any circumstances. So, the endophytes are commonly defined as those organisms whose infections are inconspicuous and symptomless in host tissue and internal microbial colonization. Both prokaryote (bacteria) and eukaryotes (fungi) colonize the plant tissues exhibiting a little variation in their colonization mode. The former colonize intracellularly in vascular tissues and the later shows asymptomatic colonization either inter or intracellularly. It has been indicated that endophytes protect plants against pest attack and make them evolve molecular mechanism to face the challenges. The various climatic conditions including global warming, drought stress and deforestation are found to affect the cellular compartments, mutualistic interactions, etc. The successful isolation of endophytes relies on effective surface sterilization. Studies have also been made on the molecular characterization of endophytes including metagenomic studies, molecular markers, molecular cloning, etc. The future studies at molecular levels warranted to ascertain the protective role of PGPB against fungal pathogens. | Review Article https doi.org 10.20546 ijcmas.2019.804.161 Defendable Agricultural Boost by Profiteering Endophytes Premalatha Ramasamy1 Yuvarani Sethuram1 Usha Nandhini Selvaraj1 Durgha Srinivasan1 and Vijayaraghavan Ramasamy2 1 Department of Microbiology Biochemistry Nadar Saraswathi College of Arts Science Theni Tamilnadu India 2Department of Biotechnology Nehru college of Arts and Science Coimbatore India Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Endophytes Sterilization PCR Molecular characterization Article Info Accepted 12 March 2019 Available Online 10 April 2019 Endophytes are the organisms that live within plant tissues and spend at least a half of their life time without causing disease under any circumstances. So the endophytes are commonly defined as those organisms whose infections are inconspicuous and symptomless in host tissue and internal microbial colonization. Both prokaryote bacteria and eukaryotes fungi colonize the plant tissues exhibiting a little variation in their colonization mode. The former colonize intracellularly in vascular tissues and the later shows asymptomatic colonization either inter or intracellularly. It has been indicated that endophytes protect plants against pest attack and make them evolve molecular mechanism to face the challenges. The various climatic conditions including global warming drought stress and deforestation are found to affect the cellular compartments mutualistic interactions etc. The successful isolation of endophytes relies on effective surface sterilization. Studies have also been made on the molecular characterization of endophytes including metagenomic studies molecular markers molecular cloning etc. The future studies at molecular levels warranted to ascertain the protective role of PGPB against fungal pathogens. Introduction Plants are the major contributors in fixing atmospheric CO2 on earth. The photo energy from sunlight enables the plants in reducing carbon in CO2 and produces the wide range of .
