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This chapter will also make connections to the themes introduced in Chapter 1. One of these themes is the organization of life into a hierarchy of structural levels, with new properties emerging at each successive level. Emergent properties are apparent even at the lowest levels of biological organization - the ordering of atoms into molecules and the interactions of those molecules. The intricate structures and complex functions of all living organisms arise from these interactions. | Lecture Biology (7th edition) - Chapter 2: The chemical context of life Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Overview: Chemical Foundations of Biology Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • The bombardier beetle uses chemistry to defend itself Figure 2.1 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Concept 2.1: Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Elements and Compounds • Organisms are composed of matter, which is anything that takes up space and has mass Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Matter is made up of elements, substances that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • A compound – Is a substance consisting of two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio – Has characteristics different from those of its elements + Figure 2.2 Sodium Chloride Sodium Chloride Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Essential Elements of Life • Essential elements – Include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen – Make up 96% of living matter Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • A few other elements – Make up the remaining 4% of living matter Table 2.1 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • The effects of essential element deficiencies Figure 2.3 (a) Nitrogen deficiency (b) Iodine deficiency .
