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In this chapter, students will be able to understand: Financial institutions serve as intermediaries between savers and borrowers, so their assets and liabilities are primarily financial instruments, these institutions pool funds from people and firms who save and lend them to people and firms who need to borrow, intermediaries investigate the financial condition of the individuals and firms who want financing to figure out which have the best investment opportunities. | Chapter 12 Roles and Services of The Federal Reserve & Other Central Banks Around The World Learning Objectives To explore the many roles and functions of the central banks around the world. To see how and why the Federal Reserve System came to be established as the U.S. central bank. To examine how the Federal Reserve System is organized to carry out the many tasks it must perform. Learning Objectives To discover how important central bank independence from the dictates of governments is in carrying out effective money and credit policy. To understand the concept of legal reserves and how the Federal Reserve System influences the level and growth of legal reserves and, ultimately, deposits and loans. Introduction A central bank is a government agency that monitors the operation of its financial system and controls the growth of the nation’s money supply. Central banks are “bankers’ banks.” They communicate with commercial banks and securities dealers in carrying out their . | Chapter 12 Roles and Services of The Federal Reserve & Other Central Banks Around The World Learning Objectives To explore the many roles and functions of the central banks around the world. To see how and why the Federal Reserve System came to be established as the U.S. central bank. To examine how the Federal Reserve System is organized to carry out the many tasks it must perform. Learning Objectives To discover how important central bank independence from the dictates of governments is in carrying out effective money and credit policy. To understand the concept of legal reserves and how the Federal Reserve System influences the level and growth of legal reserves and, ultimately, deposits and loans. Introduction A central bank is a government agency that monitors the operation of its financial system and controls the growth of the nation’s money supply. Central banks are “bankers’ banks.” They communicate with commercial banks and securities dealers in carrying out their essential public policy functions. The U.S. central bank is the Federal Reserve System. The World’s Leading Central Banks The Roles of Central Banks Control of the money supply, which is closely linked to economic activity and price inflation Stabilizing the money and capital markets, by fostering their development and ensuring a stable flow of funds through them Lender of last resort for financial institutions squeezed by severe liquidity pressures Supervisor of the banking system The Roles of Central Banks Maintaining and improving the payments mechanism - a smoothly functioning and efficient payments mechanism is vital for business and commerce The Goals of Central Banking Central banking in the U.S. and in most other nations is directed toward the goals of: Achieving maximum sustainable output and employment; and Promoting stable prices. The recent emphasis has been on long-run price stability and a growing list of nations have set inflation-rate targets or target ranges. The Goals of
