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Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) that is usually found attached to proteins as part of a proteoglycan. The use of CS-based biomaterials in the field of tissue engineering applications has been intensively growing over the past decades because CS is a biopolymer with the major advantages of being biodegradable, biocompatible, easily available, and highly versatile. | Turkish Journal of Biology Turk J Biol (2016) 40: 290-299 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/biy-1507-16 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/biology/ Review Article Chondroitin sulfate-based biomaterials for tissue engineering 1, 2 Hyuck Joon KWON *, Youngbae HAN Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Gyeonggi, Korea 2 Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong city, Korea 1 Received: 03.07.2015 Accepted/Published Online: 12.11.2015 Final Version: 23.02.2016 Abstract: Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) that is usually found attached to proteins as part of a proteoglycan. The use of CS-based biomaterials in the field of tissue engineering applications has been intensively growing over the past decades because CS is a biopolymer with the major advantages of being biodegradable, biocompatible, easily available, and highly versatile. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that CS-based biomaterials upregulate cartilage-specific gene expression in chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells and also support osteogenic differentiation by increasing the effectiveness of bone anabolic growth factors. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan plays a key role during the acute recovery stage after spinal cord injury by activating microglia/macrophages and modulating neurotrophic factor secretion. In addition, CS-based materials promote the wound-healing process and stimulate the regeneration of skin defects. Moreover, CS can be used to construct high toughness gels by having a double network structure. Taken together, CS-based biomaterials would be a useful material for successful replacement and regeneration of damaged cartilage, bone, skin, and neural tissues. Key words: Chondroitin sulfate, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, scaffold, stem cell 1. Introduction Tissue engineering, which aims to create scaffolding materials for regenerating tissue equivalents of .
