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10 Precision Manufacturing 10.1 10.2 10.3 Deterministic Theory Applied to Machine Tools Basic Definitions Motion Rigid Body Motion and Kinematic Errors • Sensitive Directions • Amplification of Angular Errors, The Abbe Principle 10.4 10.5 Sources of Error and Error Budgets Sources of Errors • Determination and Reduction of Thermal Errors • Developing an Error Budget Some Typical Methods of Measuring Errors Linear Displacement Errors • Spindle Error Motion — Donaldson Reversal • Straightness Errors — Straight Edge Reversal • Angular Motion — Electronic Differential Levels Thomas R. Kurfess Georgia Institute of Technology 10.6 10.7 Conclusion Terminology International competition and ever improving technology have forced manufacturers to increase quality as well as productivity. Often. | 10 Precision Manufacturing 10.1 Deterministic Theory Applied to Machine Tools Thomas R. Kurfess 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 Basic Definitions Motion Rigid Body Motion and Kinematic Errors Sensitive Directions Amplification of Angular Errors The Abbe Principle Sources of Error and Error Budgets Sources of Errors Determination and Reduction of Thermal Errors Developing an Error Budget Some Typical Methods of Measuring Errors Linear Displacement Errors Spindle Error Motion Donaldson Reversal Straightness Errors Straight Edge Reversal Angular Motion Electronic Differential Levels Conclusion Georgia Institute of Technology 10.7 Terminology International competition and ever improving technology have forced manufacturers to increase quality as well as productivity. Often the improvement of quality is realized via the enhancement of production system precision. This chapter discusses some of the basic concepts in precision system design including definitions basic principles of metrology and performance and design concepts for precision engineering. This chapter is concerned with the design and implementation of high precision systems. Due to space limitations only a cursory discussion of the most basic and critical issues pertaining to the field of precision engineering is addressed. In particular this chapter is targeted at the area of precision machine tool design. These concepts have been used to design some of the most precise machines ever produced such the Large Optics Diamond Turning Machine LODTM at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory which has a resolution of 0.1 pin. 10-7 inches . However these ideas are quite applicable to machine tools with a wide range of precision and accuracy. The first topic discussed is the Deterministic Theory which has provided guidelines over the past 30 years that have yielded the highest precision machine tools ever realized and designed. Basic definitions followed by a discussion of typical errors are presented as well as .
