Đang chuẩn bị nút TẢI XUỐNG, xin hãy chờ
Tải xuống
(BQ) Part 2 book "Labor economics" has contents: The wage structure, labor mobility, labor market discrimination, labor unions, incentive pay, unemployment. | Confirming Pages www.downloadslide.com 7 Chapter The Wage Structure What makes equality such a difficult business is that we only want it with our superiors. —Henry Becque The laws of supply and demand determine the structure of wages in the labor market. There is bound to be some inequality in the allocation of rewards among workers. Some workers will typically command much higher earnings than others. In the end, the observed wage dispersion reflects two “fundamentals” of the labor market. First, there exist productivity differences among workers. The greater these productivity differences, the more unequal the wage distribution will be. Second, the rate of return to skills will vary across labor markets and over time, responding to changes in the supply and demand for skills. The greater the rewards for skills, the greater the wage gap between skilled and unskilled workers, and the more unequal the distribution of income.1 This chapter examines the factors that determine the shape of the wage distribution. In all industrialized labor markets, the wage distribution exhibits a long tail at the top end of the distribution. In other words, a few workers get a very large share of the rewards distributed by the labor market. The shape of the wage distribution in the United States changed in historic ways during the 1980s. There was a sizable increase in inequality as the wage gap between high-skill and low-skill workers, as well as the wage dispersion within a particular skill group, rose rapidly. Although the fact that income inequality rose in the United States is indisputable, we have not yet reached a consensus on why this happened. A great deal of research has established that no single culprit can explain the changes in the wage structure. Instead, changes in labor market institutions and in economic conditions seem to have worked jointly to create a historic shift in how the U.S. labor market allocates its rewards among workers. This chapter concludes by .
