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Chapter 12 - Transmission control protocol. Upon completion you will be able to: Be able to name and understand the services offered by TCP, understand TCP’s flow and error control and congestion control, be familiar with the fields in a TCP segment, understand the phases in a connection-oriented connection, understand the TCP transition state diagram, be able to name and understand the timers used in TCP, be familiar with the TCP options. | Chapter 12 Upon completion you will be able to: Transmission Control Protocol Be able to name and understand the services offered by TCP Understand TCP’s flow and error control and congestion control Be familiar with the fields in a TCP segment Understand the phases in a connection-oriented connection Understand the TCP transition state diagram Be able to name and understand the timers used in TCP Be familiar with the TCP options Objectives TCP/IP Protocol Suite Figure 12.1 TCP/IP protocol suite TCP/IP Protocol Suite 12.1 TCP SERVICES We explain the services offered by TCP to the processes at the application layer. The topics discussed in this section include: Process-to-Process Communication Stream Delivery Service Full-Duplex Communication Connection-Oriented Service Reliable Service TCP/IP Protocol Suite Table 12.1 Well-known ports used by TCP TCP/IP Protocol Suite As we said in Chapter 11, in UNIX, the well-known ports are stored in a file called /etc/services. . | Chapter 12 Upon completion you will be able to: Transmission Control Protocol Be able to name and understand the services offered by TCP Understand TCP’s flow and error control and congestion control Be familiar with the fields in a TCP segment Understand the phases in a connection-oriented connection Understand the TCP transition state diagram Be able to name and understand the timers used in TCP Be familiar with the TCP options Objectives TCP/IP Protocol Suite Figure 12.1 TCP/IP protocol suite TCP/IP Protocol Suite 12.1 TCP SERVICES We explain the services offered by TCP to the processes at the application layer. The topics discussed in this section include: Process-to-Process Communication Stream Delivery Service Full-Duplex Communication Connection-Oriented Service Reliable Service TCP/IP Protocol Suite Table 12.1 Well-known ports used by TCP TCP/IP Protocol Suite As we said in Chapter 11, in UNIX, the well-known ports are stored in a file called /etc/services. Each line in this file gives the name of the server and the well-known port number. We can use the grep utility to extract the line corresponding to the desired application. The following shows the ports for FTP. Example 1 $ grep ftp /etc/services ftp-data 20/tcp ftp-control 21/tcp TCP/IP Protocol Suite Figure 12.2 Stream delivery TCP/IP Protocol Suite Figure 12.3 Sending and receiving buffers TCP/IP Protocol Suite Figure 12.4 TCP segments TCP/IP Protocol Suite 12.2 TCP FEATURES To provide the services mentioned in the previous section, TCP has several features that are briefly summarized in this section. The topics discussed in this section include: Numbering System Flow Control Error Control Congestion Control TCP/IP Protocol Suite The bytes of data being transferred in each connection are numbered by TCP. The numbering starts with a randomly generated number. Note: TCP/IP Protocol Suite Suppose a TCP connection is transferring a file of 5000 bytes. The first .
