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Chapter 1 - EMS systems: Roles, responsibilities, and professionalism. After completing this unit, you should be able to: Outline key historical events that influenced the development of emergency medical services (EMS) systems, identify the key elements necessary for effective EMS systems operations, Outline the five components of the EMS Education Agenda for the Future: A Systems Approach,.and other contents. | 9/10/2012 1 Chapter 1 EMS Systems: Roles, Responsibilities, and Professionalism 2 Lesson 1.1 EMS System Development 3 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 1 9/10/2012 Learning Objectives • Outline key historical events that influenced the development of emergency medical services (EMS) systems. • Identify the key elements necessary for effective EMS systems operations. • Outline the five components of the EMS Education Agenda for the Future: A Systems Approach. 1 EMS System Development • Before 20th century – Ancient Egyptians – Military used first organized prehospital care – Civilian ambulance service established in Cincinnati, New York City in 1860s 1 EMS System Development • Ancient Egyptians – Used herbs, drugs as medicine – Splinted fractured bones – Performed surgeries – Edwin Smith papyrus – Referred to pulsation of heart, palpation, abnormal motor functions associated with brain injury 1 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 2 9/10/2012 EMS System Development • Military used first organized prehospital care – Covered cart was first ambulance – Moved injured soldiers during Napoleonic wars 1 EMS System Development • Twentieth century – Civil War – WW I – WW II – Korean War – Vietnam War – Iraq War 1 EMS System Development • Civil War – Railroads used to evacuate casualties – Army still used ambulances – Death rates high – Germs were unknown cause of infection – Barns used as hospitals – Army set up Medical Corps – System‐wide approach with ambulances on battlefield 1 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 3 9/10/2012 EMS System Development • WW I – Poor planning, excessive evacuation times – High mortality rates – Most died of hemorrhagic shock – No antibiotics – Blood transfusions introduced – Thomas half‐ring femur splint considered best trauma care 1 EMS System Development • WW II – .
