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Lecture Marine environmental studies, this topic provides knowledge of MARPOL. The following will be discussed in this topic: Causes of major oil spills, history of MARPOL, Torrey Canyon, history of MARPOL 73, special areas for garbage,. | Introduction: after every major accident, new regulations: 1912: Titanic – Safety Of Life at Sea (SOLAS) 1967: Torrey Canyon – Maritime Pollution (MARPOL) and CLC 1969. 1985: Achille Lauro: Aviation and Maritime Security Act. 2001: International Ship and Port Facility Security Code. Torrey Canyon – Channel - 1967 Some other major spills: 1978 – Amoco Cadiz – France – 223,000 MT 1979 – Atlantic Empress- Tobago – 287,000 MT 1983 – Castillo de Bellver – S.Africa – 252,000 MT 1989 – Exxon Valdez – Alaska 37,000 MT 1991 – ABT Summer – off Angola – 260,000 MT 1993 – Braer – Shetland Isles – 85,000 MT 2002 – Prestige – Spain – 77,000 MT Map showing major oil spills Amoco Cadiz – Spain - 1978 Braer – Shetland Islands – 1983 Prestige – Spain – 2002 Causes of major oil spills: 34 % : Grounding 28 % : Collisions 13 % : Hull fractures 9 % : Fire and Explosions 9 % : Loading/Discharging 7 % : Others History of MARPOL inspired by: In 1967 the Torrey Canyon ran aground. 120,000 tons of crude oil . | Introduction: after every major accident, new regulations: 1912: Titanic – Safety Of Life at Sea (SOLAS) 1967: Torrey Canyon – Maritime Pollution (MARPOL) and CLC 1969. 1985: Achille Lauro: Aviation and Maritime Security Act. 2001: International Ship and Port Facility Security Code. Torrey Canyon – Channel - 1967 Some other major spills: 1978 – Amoco Cadiz – France – 223,000 MT 1979 – Atlantic Empress- Tobago – 287,000 MT 1983 – Castillo de Bellver – S.Africa – 252,000 MT 1989 – Exxon Valdez – Alaska 37,000 MT 1991 – ABT Summer – off Angola – 260,000 MT 1993 – Braer – Shetland Isles – 85,000 MT 2002 – Prestige – Spain – 77,000 MT Map showing major oil spills Amoco Cadiz – Spain - 1978 Braer – Shetland Islands – 1983 Prestige – Spain – 2002 Causes of major oil spills: 34 % : Grounding 28 % : Collisions 13 % : Hull fractures 9 % : Fire and Explosions 9 % : Loading/Discharging 7 % : Others History of MARPOL inspired by: In 1967 the Torrey Canyon ran aground. 120,000 tons of crude oil lost. Biggest incident up to that time. Questions of measures for prevention. Existing compensation culture - limited. 1969 the IMO assembly decided to hold an international conference. 1973 conference held. Torrey Canyon At 0830 on the 18th March 1967 the Liberian registered tanker Torrey Canyon on passage from Kuwait to the port of Milford Haven in the UK made headline news. What happened Hit Pollard rock at 17 knots. Ripped out 6 tanks. Leaked oil over a number of weeks. Contaminated the south coast of UK and the Brittany coast of France. Brittany Coast Torrey Canyon The prime minister at the time was Harold Wilson (who coincidentally had a holiday home on the Scilly Isles). He personally took charge of the incident and after a mini cabinet meeting it was decided that the only option was to bomb the Torrey Canyon. Royal Navy Buccaneers from Lossiemouth in Scotland had been tasked with the mission of total destruction of the ship with the help of the Royal Air Force. .
