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Ebook Surveying with construction applications (8/E) Part 2

Part 2 book “Surveying with construction applications” has contents: Horizontal control surveys, horizontal control surveys, construction applications, machine guidance and control, highway curves, highway construction surveys, municipal street construction surveys, pipeline and tunnel construction surveys, pipeline and tunnel construction surveys. | www.downloadslide.net Chapter TEN An Introduction to Geomatics 10.1  Geomatics Defined Geomatics is a term used to describe the science and technology of dealing with Earth measurement data. It includes field data collection, processing, analyzing, and presentation. It has applications in all disciplines and professions that use Earth-related spatial data. Some examples of these disciplines and professions include planning, geography, geodesy, infrastructure engineering, agriculture, natural resources, environment, land division and registration, project engineering, and mapping. 10.2  Introduction to Electronic Surveying Surveying activity goes back at least 5,000 years. Improvements to distance measurement, angle measurement, and ground-point positioning continued to advance over the centuries— but at a relatively slow pace. However, the ongoing development of the electronics and computer technologies, particularly over the past 50 years, has impacted the surveying sciences, and humanity in general, in a manner that can only be described as explosive. Although it is difficult to assess the importance of world events as you are living through them, we believe that future historians will view the recent (and ongoing) digital revolution in the electronic sciences, computer sciences, and measurement sciences as being as significant to humanity as was the Industrial Revolution. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the student to modern Earth-measurement techniques, as depicted in Figure 10.1. Fifty years ago, surveying field data collection was mostly limited to taping, leveling, and some use of electronic distance measurements (EDMs), and remote sensing was limited to the collection and analyses of aerial photography. You can see from Figure 10.1 how measurements, related analyses, and design have rapidly expanded. The electronic revolution began to seriously impact surveying, and all related Earthmeasurement sciences, in the last half of the twentieth .