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(BQ) Part 2 book "A-Z of abdominal radiology" presents the following contents: Endometrial carcinoma, familial polyposis coli, fistulae, foreign bodies, free intra-abdominal gas, gallstones, hepatic masses, herniae of the abdomen and pelvis, intussusception, lines and devices,. and other contents. | E Endometrial carcinoma A to Z of Abdominal Radiology Endometrial carcinoma is the most prevalent female cancer of the genital tract and 4th most prevalent cancer in women. Adenocarcinoma make up 90-95 . Tumours of epithelial and mesenchymal origin sarcomata form 5-10 such as Leiomyosarcoma malignant mixed mullerian tumours adenosarcomas gestational trophoblastic tumours. Incidence in UK is 4900 per annum 990 deaths annually. Disease of postmenopausal women peak age 55-62 years 75 over the age of 50 years. Risk factors exposure to unopposed oestrogens such as extrinsic oestrogen therapy and tamoxifen is common risk. obesity. nulliparity. ovarian malfunction in polycystic ovaries. late menopause. Other associations are diabetes mellitus. smoking. hypertension. association with breast cancer. 90 arise within uterine epithelium 90 of these are well-differentiated adenocarcinoma grade I . Endometrial cancer arises in the glandular component of endometrial epithelium. Grows as a polypoid mass within the endometrial cavity producing ulceration and vaginal bleeding. Spread is by direct invasion of the myometrium and extension through to the serosa. direct invasion of parametrium with serosal seeding. direct extension down endocervical canal. Uterus has a rich blood and lymphatic supply a common route of spread. Lymph node and haematogeneous metastases are common upper uterine body tumours spread to common iliac and para-aortic nodes. mid and lower uterine body tumours spread to parametrial paracervical and obturator nodes. metastases via round ligament and vaginal extension produce inguinal adenopathy. Distant spread is to bone lungs liver and brain. 138 Endometrial carcinoma E Endometrial carcinoma. TA US of the pelvis demonstrating abnormal endometrial thickening arrow . Asterisk indicates the bladder. Endometrial carcinoma. TV US of the pelvis demonstrating abnormal endometrial thickening arrow calipers . Asterisk indicates the body of uterus. Clinical characteristics
