TAILIEUCHUNG - Cracking the toefl ibt 2008 part 11

The Avida program now resides at Michigan State University, where it has been growing and changing for years. The digital creatures number in the billions and have colonized more than two hundred computers. | 1 This structural functionalist theory. I m just going to call it the functionalist very different. 2 Now we ll talk about the historical context of this theory a little bit later 3 but first I would like to go over the main tenets of the theory. Let s analyze what s going on in this second part of the introduction. 1. Transition. Speeches and lectures tend to have more transitions. These transitions don t add any new information. 2. Digression. You will also notice a digression or two during the lectures. Usually the professor will refer to something that will be discussed later or at another time. Sometimes the professor will say I m not going to get into this now. This information is unimportant. 3. Purpose. Listen for the statement of purpose early on in the lecture. If you figure out the purpose write it down on your scrap paper. This is the next part of the lecture. 1 The basic view of functionalism is that our behaviors and actions can be best explained by the function if you they perform for the society as a . whole. 2 Now that may be a little vague. 3 What do I mean by that 4 Well let s look at some different behaviors and uh see how a functionalist would explain them. Let s analyze what s happening in this part of the lecture. 1. Definition explanation. The purpose of many of the lectures is to define or explain a term. 2. and 3. Digression. Both lines 2 and 3 don t add anything to the lecture. As you re listening try to focus on the topic and the examples given to support explain it. 4. Transition. Here s another transition. Note how the speaker is about to discuss examples. Typically the lecturer will say something such as Now let s look at. or Now I want to talk about. These let you know examples are coming. Here s the next section. 1 A good example would be the uh drug use. 2 A functionalist wouldn t really a drug user as a deviant a bad person. Instead the functionalist would .

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