TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Biology: Chapter 52 - Niel Campbell, Jane Reece

Chapter 52 - An introduction to ecology and the biosphere. In this chapter, you should be able to: Distinguish among the following types of ecology: organismal, population, community, ecosystem, and landscape; explain how dispersal may contribute to a species’ distribution; distinguish between the following pairs of terms: biotic and abiotic factors, macroclimate and microclimate patterns;. | Chapter 52 An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere Overview: The Scope of Ecology Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and the environment. These interactions determine distribution of organisms and their abundance. Ecologists work at levels ranging from individual organisms to the planet / biosphere. Ecology integrates all areas of biological research and informs environmental decision making. Organismal ecology studies how an organism’s structure, physiology, and (for animals) behavior meet environmental challenges Adaptations A population is a group of individuals of the same species living in an area. Population ecology focuses on factors affecting how many individuals of a species live in an area. Scope of Ecological Research Organismal ecology Population ecology Community ecology Ecosystem ecology Landscape ecology Global / Biosphere ecology Figure The scope of ecological research A community is a group of populations of different species in an area. Community ecology deals with the whole array of interacting species in a community. An ecosystem is the community of organisms in an area and the physical factors with which they interact. Ecosystem ecology emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling among the various biotic and abiotic components. A landscape is a mosaic of connected ecosystems. Landscape ecology deals with arrays of ecosystems and how they are arranged in a geographic region. The biosphere is the global ecosystem, the sum of all the planet’s ecosystems. Global ecology examines the influence of energy and materials on organisms across the biosphere. Lanscape Ecology: Interacting Ecosystems Figure The scope of ecological research Scienctific Methodolgy Integrates Many Areas of Research: Studying how a forest responds to altered precipitation Trough Pipe “Dry” “Wet” “Ambient” Figure Studying how a forest responds to altered precipitation Ecology, Environmental Issues, & Evolution Link .

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