TAILIEUCHUNG - Manufacturing Design, Production, Automation, and Integration Part 1

Tham khảo tài liệu 'manufacturing design, production, automation, and integration part 1', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 1 Competitive Manufacturing MANUFACTURING MATTERS In the earlier part of the 20th century manufacturing became a capitalintensive activity. A rigid mode of mass production replaced mostly smallbatch and make-to-order fabrication of products. A turning point was the 1920s. With increased household incomes in North America and Europe came large-scale production of household appliances and motor vehicles. These products steadily increased in complexity thus requiring design standardization on the one hand and labor specialization on the other. Product complexity combined with manufacturing inflexibility led to long product life cycles up to 5 to 7 years as opposed to as low as 6 months to 1 year in today s communication and computation industries thus slowing down the introduction of innovative products. In the post-World War II WWII era we saw a second boom in the manufacturing industries in Western Europe the . and Japan with many domestic companies competing for their respective market shares. In the early 1950s most of these countries imposed heavy tariffs on imports in order to protect local companies. Some national governments went a step further by either acquiring large equities in numerous strategic companies or providing them with substantial subsidies. Today however we witness the fall of many of these domestic barriers and the emergence of multinational Copyright 2003 by Marcel Dekker Inc. All Rights Reserved. companies attempting to gain international competitive advantage via distributed design and manufacturing across a number of countries sometimes several continents though it is important to note that most such successful companies are normally those that encountered and survived intense domestic competition such as Toyota General Motors Northern Telecom Nortel Sony and Siemens. Rapid expansion of foreign investment opportunities continue to require these companies to be innovative and maintain a competitive edge via a highly productive .

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