TAILIEUCHUNG - Coal and Peat Fires: A Global Perspective

Coal formation has been described as “an inefficiency in the carbon cycle,” (Barghoorn, 1952) when carbon from plants remains in terrestrial sediments and is not recycled to the atmosphere (Figure ). Coal is, by definition, a readily combustible rock containing more than 50% by weight and 70% by volume of carbonaceous material (Schopf, 1966). Another definition describes coal as a combustible solid, usually stratified, which originated from the accumulation, burial, and compaction of partially decomposed vegetation in previous geologic ages (Hendricks, 1945) | COAL AND PEAT FIRES A Global Perspective VOLUME 1 COAL - GEOLOGY AND COMBUSTION Edited by GLENN B. STRACHER ANUPMA PRAKASH ELLINA V. SOKOL Coal and Peat Fires A Global Perspective Captions for Front Cover Photos Top Photo An underground coal fire being manually excavated in the Sungai Wain Nature Reserve on the Island of Borneo. Underground coal beds were ignited here in 1998 by forest fires in East Kalimantan. Photo by Alfred E. Whitehouse 1999. Bottom-Left Photo A gob-pile fire started by spontaneous combustion in the Kleinkopje Colliery located in the Witbank Coalfield South Africa. The vertical field of view is 3 m and the foreshortened horizontal field of view is 9 m. Photo by Robert B. Finkelman 2004. Bottom-Middle Photo Surface expression of an underground coal fire in the Carbonera Formation burning in the Lobatera Mine in Táchira State western Venezuela. The horizontal field of view is about 120 cm. Photo by Manuel Martinez 2007 courtesy of Gonzalo Márquez and Manuel Martinez. Bottom-Right Photo Bituminous coal in the Raniganj Formation ignited by spontaneous combustion burning in the opencast Kajora Mine Raniganj Coalfield Burdwan West Bengal India. The maximum thickness of the exposed seam is approximately 2 m. Most coal seams in the Raniganj Formation are 4-5 m thick. Photo by Prasun Gangopadhyay .

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