TAILIEUCHUNG - Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 6 P4

Gale Encyclopedia of American Law Volume 6 P4 fully illuminates today's leading cases, major statutes, legal terms and concepts, notable persons involved with the law, important documents and more. Legal issues are fully discussed in easy-to-understand language, including such high-profile topics as the Americans with Disabilities Act, capital punishment, domestic violence, gay and lesbian rights, physician-assisted suicide and thousands more. | 18 JAPANESE AMERICAN EVACUATION CASES it was a war measure. Therefore the Court reasoned power to detain a concededly loyal citizen could not be implied from a power to protect the war effort from espionage and sabotage it afforded no basis for keeping loyal . citizens of Japanese ancestry in custody on grounds of community hostility. Interestingly the . government apprehending an unfavorable decision in Endo announced the end of the exclusion order just the day before the Supreme Court issued its opinion. The last of ten major detention camps Tule Lake closed in March 1946. The Movement to Redress Victims Though the move to evacuate and detain Japanese Americans on the West Coast enjoyed substantial support from most . citizens it incited significant protests as well. Some critics such as Eugene V. Rostow professor and later dean of the Yale Law School contended that the evacuation program was a drastic blow to civil liberties and that it was in direct contradiction to the constitutional principle that punishment should be inflicted only for individual behavior not for membership in a particular demographic group. Others such as Lieutenant Commander Kenneth D. Ringle of the Office of Naval Intelligence questioned the validity of De Witt s assertions concerning the disloyalty of Japanese Americans. In a memorandum written in February 1942 that became known as the Ringle Report Ringle estimated that the highest number of Japanese Americans who would act as saboteurs or agents of Japan was less than 3 percent of the total or about 3500 in the United States the most dangerous of these he said were already in custodial detention or were well known to the Naval Intelligence service or the FBI. In his summary Ringle concluded that the Japanese Problem had been distorted largely because of the physical characteristics of the people and should be handled based on the individual regardless of citizenship and not on race. The Ringle Report was known to De Witt who .

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