TAILIEUCHUNG - Cú pháp tiếng anh part 2

11 The theory of parameters outlined in the previous section has important implications for a theory of language acquisition. If all grammatical variation can be characterised in terms of a series of parameters with binary settings, it follows that the only grammatical learning which children have to undertake in relation to the syntactic properties of the relevant class of constructions is to determine (on the basis of their linguistic experience) which of the two alternative settings for each parameter is the appropriate one for the language being acquired. So, for example, children have to learn whether the native language they. | 11 The theory of parameters outlined in the previous section has important implications for a theory of language acquisition. If all grammatical variation can be characterised in terms of a series of parameters with binary settings it follows that the only grammatical learning which children have to undertake in relation to the syntactic properties of the relevant class of constructions is to determine on the basis of their linguistic experience which of the two alternative settings for each parameter is the appropriate one for the language being acquired. So for example children have to learn whether the native language they are acquiring is a null subject language or not whether it is a wh-movement language or not and whether it is a head-first language or so on for all the other parameters along which languages vary. Of course children also face the formidable task of lexical learning - . building up their vocabulary in the relevant language learning what words mean and what range of forms they have . whether they are regular or irregular in respect of their morphology what kinds of structures they can be used in and so on. On this view the acquisition of grammar involves the twin tasks of lexical learning and parameter-setting. This leads us to the following view of the language acquisition process. The central task which the child faces in acquiring a language is to construct a grammar of the language. The innate Language Faculty incorporates i a set of universal grammatical principles and ii a set of grammatical parameters which impose severe constraints on the range of grammatical variation permitted in natural languages perhaps limiting variation to binary choices . Since universal principles don t have to be learned the child s syntactic learning task is limited to that of parameter-setting . determining an appropriate setting for each of the relevant grammatical parameters . For obvious reasons the theory outlined here developed by .

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