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This chapter explain why agricultural prices and farm income are unstable, discuss why there has been a huge employment exodus from agriculture to other U.S. industries over the past several decades, relate the rationale for farm subsidies and the economics and politics of price supports (price floors), describe major criticisms of the price-support system in agriculture, list the main elements of existing Federal farm policy. | Agriculture Instructor: Prof.Dr.Qaisar Abbas Course code: ECO 400 Lecture 30 Lecture Outline Agriculture sector Agricultural policies Agriculture Sector Agriculture is not confined to cultivation of the land, growing and harvesting seasonal crops. Agriculture includes: Livestock breeding 49.1% of value added in agriculture and 11. 4% of GDP. 30-35 million rural population engaged in livestock raising. Fish farming. Although small contribution in GDP, still earns foreign exchange through export. Good nutritional value of fish with protein content of 15 to 20 percent. Important source of livelihood for coastal inhabitants. In 2003-04, 90,225 million of fish and fishery products were exported, earning Rs. 7.6 billion Poultry farming has emerged as good substitute of beef and mutton with 356 million chicks production, 4850 million eggs and 303 ‘000’ tons of poultry meat in 2003-04 Forestry. 4.8 of total land is under forest, recommended level is 20-25%, bad environmental conditions Two . | Agriculture Instructor: Prof.Dr.Qaisar Abbas Course code: ECO 400 Lecture 30 Lecture Outline Agriculture sector Agricultural policies Agriculture Sector Agriculture is not confined to cultivation of the land, growing and harvesting seasonal crops. Agriculture includes: Livestock breeding 49.1% of value added in agriculture and 11. 4% of GDP. 30-35 million rural population engaged in livestock raising. Fish farming. Although small contribution in GDP, still earns foreign exchange through export. Good nutritional value of fish with protein content of 15 to 20 percent. Important source of livelihood for coastal inhabitants. In 2003-04, 90,225 million of fish and fishery products were exported, earning Rs. 7.6 billion Poultry farming has emerged as good substitute of beef and mutton with 356 million chicks production, 4850 million eggs and 303 ‘000’ tons of poultry meat in 2003-04 Forestry. 4.8 of total land is under forest, recommended level is 20-25%, bad environmental conditions Two Leading Successes of Pakistani Agriculture Green Revolution in the late 1960s What is Green Revolution: “The Green Revolution means introduction of new technology in agriculture sector, in order to increase its production through different measures .” Many of the world’s countries made diversified efforts through following measures: i . Introduction of new high yield varieties of wheat, rice, and maize ii. Improvement in per acre yield through quality fertilizers to compensate for land deficiencies in many less developed countries. iii. Pesticides and insecticides have expanded the acreage a single farmer can tend by reducing the time required to disinfect the crop. iv. Irrigation has made double cropping feasible in many countries where formerly one harvest a year was standard. v. New methods of rotating crops were developed which increased land productivity. vi. New shorter plants have been discovered that are more responsive to fertilizer. Similarly, some sturdier types are more .
