TAILIEUCHUNG - The Role of Gestures and Facial Cues in Second Language Listening Comprehension

The model of learning strategies of O’Malley et al. (cited in O’Malley & Chamot, 1990) seems useful to describe the strategy instruction in the present research. Since the teaching of the concepts of conversational implicature and adjacency pairs proposed in my paper can be the application of unwritten “rules” used commonly in society, the strategy instruction applying these rules may represent deducing or deductive strategy (applying rules to the understanding of language) in the sub-category of cognitive strategies presented in this model (O’Malley & Chamot, 1990). In deductive strategies, deduction is able to be made by schemata based on rules,. | Language Learning 55 4 December 2005 pp. 661-699 The Role of Gestures and Facial Cues in Second Language Listening Comprehension Ayano Sueyoshi and Debra M. Hardison Michigan State University This study investigated the contribution of gestures and facial cues to second-language learners listening comprehension of a videotaped lecture by a native speaker of English. A total of 42 low-intermediate and advanced learners of English as a second language were randomly assigned to 3 stimulus conditions AV-gesture-face audiovisual including gestures and face AV-face no gestures and Audio-only. Results of a multiple-choice comprehension task revealed significantly better scores with visual cues for both proficiency levels. For the higher level the AV-face condition produced the highest scores for the lower level AV-gesture-face showed the best results. Questionnaire responses revealed positive attitudes toward visual cues demonstrating their effectiveness as components of face-to-face interactions. Nonverbal communication involves conveying messages to an audience through body movements head nods hand-arm Ayano Sueyoshi and Debra M. Hardison Department of Linguistics and Germanic Slavic Asian and African Languages. Ayano Sueyoshi is now affiliated with Okinawa International University Japan. This article is based on the master s thesis of the first author prepared under the supervision of the second. We thank Jill McKay for her participation in the study and Alissa Cohen and Charlene Polio for their comments on the thesis. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Debra M. Hardison A-714 Wells Hall Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824. Internet hardiso2@ 661 662 Language Learning Vol. 55 No. 4 gestures 1 facial expressions eye gaze posture and interpersonal distance Kellerman 1992 . These visual cues as well as the lip movements that accompany speech sounds are helpful for communication eliminating the visual modality creates an .

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