TAILIEUCHUNG - Linux Device Drivers-Chapter 15 :Overview of Peripheral Buses

Tham khảo tài liệu 'linux device drivers-chapter 15 :overview of peripheral buses', công nghệ thông tin, hệ điều hành phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Chapter 15 Overview of Peripheral Buses Whereas Chapter 8 Hardware Management introduced the lowest levels of hardware control this chapter provides an overview of the higher-level bus architectures. A bus is made up of both an electrical interface and a programming interface. In this chapter we deal with the programming interface. This chapter covers a number of bus architectures. However the primary focus is on the kernel functions that access PCI peripherals because these days the PCI bus is the most commonly used peripheral bus on desktops and bigger computers and the one that is best supported by the kernel. ISA is still common for electronic hobbyists and is described later although it is pretty much a bare-metal kind of bus and there isn t much to say in addition to what is covered in Chapter 8 Hardware Management and Chapter 9 Interrupt Handling . The PCI Interface Although many computer users think of PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect as a way of laying out electrical wires it is actually a complete set of specifications defining how different parts of a computer should interact. The PCI specification covers most issues related to computer interfaces. We are not going to cover it all here in this section we are mainly concerned with how a PCI driver can find its hardware and gain access to it. The probing techniques discussed in Automatic and Manual Configuration in Chapter 2 Building and Running Modules and Autodetecting the IRQ Number in Chapter 9 Interrupt Handling can be used with PCI devices but the specification offers a preferable alternative to probing. The PCI architecture was designed as a replacement for the ISA standard with three main goals to get better performance when transferring data between the computer and its peripherals to be as platform independent as possible and to simplify adding and removing peripherals to the system. The PCI bus achieves better performance by using a higher clock rate than ISA its clock runs at 25 or 33 MHz

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