TAILIEUCHUNG - Fibre optic communication systems P7

Dispersion Management It should be clear from Chapter 6 that with the advent of optical amplifiers, fiber losses are no longer a major limiting factor for optical communication systems. Indeed, modern lightwave systems are often limited by the dispersive and nonlinear effects rather than fiber losses. In some sense, optical amplifiers solve the loss problem but, at the same time, worsen the dispersion problem since, in contrast with electronic regenerators, an optical amplifier does not restore the amplified signal to its original state. As a result, dispersion-induced degradation of the transmitted signal accumulates over multiple amplifiers. For this reason, several dispersion-management. | Fiber-Optic Communications Systems Third Edition. Govind P. Agrawal Copyright 2002 John Wiley Sons Inc. ISBNs 0-471-21571-6 Hardback 0-471-22114-7 Electronic Chapter 7 Dispersion Management It should be clear from Chapter 6 that with the advent of optical amplifiers fiber losses are no longer a major limiting factor for optical communication systems. Indeed modern lightwave systems are often limited by the dispersive and nonlinear effects rather than fiber losses. In some sense optical amplifiers solve the loss problem but at the same time worsen the dispersion problem since in contrast with electronic regenerators an optical amplifier does not restore the amplified signal to its original state. As a result dispersion-induced degradation of the transmitted signal accumulates over multiple amplifiers. For this reason several dispersion-management schemes were developed during the 1990s to address the dispersion problem 1 . In this chapter we review these techniques with emphasis on the underlying physics and the improvement realized in practice. In Section we explain why dispersion management is needed. Sections and are devoted to the methods used at the transmitter or receiver for managing the dispersion. In Sections we consider the use of several high-dispersion optical elements along the fiber link. The technique of optical phase conjugation also known as midspan spectral inversion is discussed in Section . Section is devoted to dispersion management in long-haul systems. Section focuses on high-capacity systems by considering broadband tunable and higher-order compensation techniques. Polarization-mode dispersion PMD compensation is also discussed in this section. Need for Dispersion Management In Section we have discussed the limitations imposed on the system performance by dispersion-induced pulse broadening. As shown by the dashed line in Fig. the group-velocity dispersion GVD effects can be minimized using a .

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