TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành kiến trúc, xây dựng, quy hoạch và kỹ thuật xây dựng đô thị: Phần 2 - ThS. Vũ Thị Quốc Khánh (chủ biên)

Cuốn sách "Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành kiến trúc, xây dựng, quy hoạch và kỹ thuật xây dựng đô thị" do ThS. Vũ Thị Quốc Khánh làm chủ biên có cấu trúc gồm 15 bài học theo các chủ đề kiến trúc, xây dựng, quy hoạch và kỹ thuật xây dựng đô thị được trích dẫn từ các nguồn tài liệu. Nối tiếp nội dung của phần 1, phần 2 trình bày các bài học từ bài 8 đến bài 15. . | UNIT 8 SITE INVESTIGATIONS AND SOIL MECHANICS A site investigation in one form or another is always required for any engineering or building structure. The investigation may range in scope from a simple examination of the surface soils with or without a few shallow trial pits to a detailed study of the soil and ground water conditions to a considerable depth below the surface by means of boreholes and in-situ and laboratory tests on the materials encountered. The extent of the work depends on the importance and foundation arrangement of the structure the complexity of the soil conditions and the information which may be available on the behaviour of existing foundations on similar soils. Thus it is not the normal practice to sink boreholes and carry out soil tests for single or two-storey dwelling houses or similar structures since there is usually adequate knowledge of the required foundation depths and bearing pressures in any particular locality. Sufficient information to check the presumed soil conditions can usually be obtained by examining open sewer trenches or shallow excavations for roadworks or from a few shallow trial pits or hand auger borings. A detailed site investigation involving deep boreholes and laboratory testing of soils is always necessary for heavy structures such as bridges multi-storey buildings or industrial plants. Even if rock is known to be present at a shallow depth it is advisable to excavate down to expose the rock in a few places to ensure that there are no zones of deep weathering or heavily shattered or faulted rock. Thorough investigations are equally necessary for engineering structures founded in deep excavations. As well as providing information for foundation design they provide essential information on the soil and ground water conditions to contractors tendering for the work. Thus money is saved by obtaining realistic and competitive tenders based on adequate foreknowledge of the ground conditions. An engineer undertaking a

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