TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Biology: Chapter 38 - Niel Campbell, Jane Reece

Chapter 38 - Angiosperm reproduction and biotechnology. After studying this chapter you will be able to: Describe how the plant life cycle is modified in angiosperms; identify and describe the function of a sepal, petal, stamen (filament and anther), carpel (style, ovary, ovule, and stigma), seed coat, hypocotyl, radicle, epicotyl, endosperm, cotyledon;. | Chapter 38 Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology Overview: Angiosperm Flowers Angiosperm flowers can attract pollinators using visual cues and volatile chemicals. Many angiosperms reproduce sexually and asexually. Symbiotic relationships are common between plants and other species. Since the beginning of agriculture, plant breeders have genetically manipulated traits of wild angiosperm species by artificial selection. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Flowers, double fertilization, and fruits are unique features of the angiosperm life cycle Alternation of Generations: Diploid (2n) sporophytes produce spores by meiosis 2n ---> n these spores (n) grow into haploid (n) gametophytes. Gametophytes produce haploid (n) gametes by mitosis fertilization of gametes produces a zygote = sporophyte cell (2n). Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings In angiosperms, the sporophyte is the dominant generation, the large plant that we see. The gametophytes are reduced in size and depend on the sporophyte for nutrients. The angiosperm life cycle is characterized by “three Fs”: flowers, double fertilization, and fruits. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings For the Discovery Video Plant Pollination, go to Animation and Video Files. Stamen Anther Filament Stigma Carpel Style Ovary Anther Pollen tube Germinated pollen grain (n) (male gametophyte) Ovary Ovule Embryo sac (n) (female gametophyte) Egg (n) Sperm (n) Zygote (2n) Seed Seed Embryo (2n) (sporophyte) Simple fruit Germinating seed Mature sporophyte plant (2n) (b) Simplified angiosperm life cycle Key Receptacle Sepal Petal (a) Structure of an idealized flower Haploid (n) Diploid (2n) FERTILIZATION An overview of angiosperm reproduction Figure An overview of angiosperm reproduction Stamen Anther Filament Stigma Carpel Style Ovary Receptacle Sepal Petal Structure of an idealized flower Figure

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