TAILIEUCHUNG - Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Pulp and Paper Industry

The use of ethanol for fuel was widespread in Europe and the United States until the early 1900s (Illinois Corn Growers’ Association/Illinois Corn Marketing Board). Because it became more expensive to produce than petroleum-based fuel, especially after World War II, ethanol’s potential was largely ignored until the Arab oil embargo of the 1970s. One response to the embargo was increased use of the fuel extender “gasohol ” (or E-10), a mixture of one part ethanol made from corn mixed with nine parts gasoline. Because gasohol was made from a renewable farm product, it was seen in the United States as a way to reduce energy dependence on foreign suppliers | EUROPEAN COMMISSION Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control IPPC Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Pulp and Paper Industry December 2001 Executive Summary EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Reference Document on best available techniques in the pulp and paper industry reflects the information exchange carried out according to Article 16 2 of Council Directive 96 61 EC. The document has to be seen in the light of the preface which describes the objectives of the document and its use. Paper is essentially a sheet of fibres with a number of added chemicals that affect the properties and quality of the sheet. Besides fibres and chemicals manufacturing of pulp and paper requires a large amount of process water and energy in the form of steam and electric power. Consequently the main environmental issues associated with pulp and paper production are emissions to water emissions to air and energy consumption. Waste is expected to become a gradually increasing environmental issue of concern. Pulp for papermaking may be produced from virgin fibre by chemical or mechanical means or may be produced by the re-pulping of recovered paper. A paper mill may simply reconstitute pulp made elsewhere or may be integrated with the pulping operations on the same site. This document covers the relevant environmental aspects of pulp and papermaking from various fibrous materials in integrated and non-integrated pulp and paper mills. Non-integrated pulp mills market pulp are only manufacturing pulp that is then sold on the open market. Nonintegrated paper mills are using purchased pulp for their paper production. In integrated pulp and paper mills the activities of pulp and papermaking are undertaken on the same site. Kraft pulp mills are operating in both non-integrated and integrated manner whereas sulphite pulp mills are normally integrated with paper production. Mechanical pulping and recycled fibre processing is usually an integrated part of papermaking but has become a .

• Hoá dầu
• Inverse Matrix Calculation
• Database Development
• Cluster Based Method
• Evaluation
• Trucks Weighing
• Control Stations
• Control Station