TAILIEUCHUNG - The U.S. Newspaper Industry in Transition

The goal of the CWA (also known as the 1972 Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) Amendments) is to eliminate entirely discharges of pollutants from point sources (., individual discharging facilities) into surface waters. Although eliminating pollutant discharges may be achievable under some circumstances through process changes that prevent pollutant formation or recycle wastes, the goal is largely rhetorical. The statutory goal of eliminating discharges has potential distorting effects on the use of science because achieving the goal does not require point sources to eliminate all discharges into surface waters. Consequently, attainment depends to some extent on what substances are classified as pollutants subject to regulation. | Congressional Research K Service---- The . Newspaper Industry in Transition Suzanne M. Kirchhoff Analyst in Industrial Organization and Business September 9 2010 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 R40700 CRS Report for Congress------------- Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress The . Newspaper Industry in Transition Summary The . newspaper industry is suffering through what could be its worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. Advertising revenues have plummeted due in part to the severe economic downturn while readership habits have changed as consumers turn to the Internet for free news and information. Some major newspaper chains are burdened by heavy debt loads. Between 2008 and early 2010 eight major newspaper chains declared bankruptcy several big city papers shut down and many laid off reporters and editors imposed pay reductions cut the size of the physical newspaper or turned to Web-only publication. Newspaper publishers in 2010 have seen some improvement in financial conditions with many reporting higher profits but the industry has not yet turned the corner. Advertising dollars are still declining and newspapers have not found a stable revenue source to replace them. As the problems continue there are growing concerns that the decline of the newspaper industry will impact civic and social life. Already there are fewer newspaper reporters covering state capitols and city halls while the number of states with newspapers covering Congress full-time dwindled to 23 in 2008 from the most recent peak of 35 in 1985. As old-style print newspapers decline new journalism startups are developing around the country aided by low entry costs on the Internet. The emerging ventures hold promise but do not yet have the experience resources and reach of shrinking mainstream newspapers. Congress has begun debating whether the financial problems in the newspaper industry pose a public policy issue that warrants federal action. .

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