TAILIEUCHUNG - The Carbon and Global Warming Potential Impacts of Organic Farming: Does It Have a Significant Role in an Energy Constrained World?

Capital ownership costs for milk production (economic depreciation and interest) are computed using the capital recovery approach. Capital recovery is an estimate of the cost of replacing the capital investment for cattle housing, milking facilities, feed storage structures, manure handling and storage structures, feed handling equipment, tractors, trucks, and purchased dairy herd replacements used up in the annual production process, plus interest that the remaining capital could have earned in an alternative use. These costs were computed based on 2005 replacement cost estimates for the dairy assets reported by farmers in the ARMS. Farm expenditures on non- real. | Sustainability 2011 3 322-362 doi su3020322 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 journal sustainability Review The Carbon and Global Warming Potential Impacts of Organic Farming Does It Have a Significant Role in an Energy Constrained World Derek H. Lynch 1 J Rod MacRae 2 and Ralph C. Martin 3 1 Department Plant and Animal Sciences Nova Scotia Agricultural College . Box 550 Truro NS B2N 5E3 Canada 2 Faculty of Environmental Studies York University 4700 Keele Street Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada E-Mail _rmacrae@ 3 Organic Agriculture Centre of Canada Nova Scotia Agricultural College . Box 550 Truro NS B2N 5E3 Canada E-Mail rmartin@ Author to whom correspondence should be addressed E-Mail dlynch@ Tel. 1-902-893-7621 Fax 1-902-896-7095. Received 2 December 2010 in revised form 19 January 2011 Accepted 24 January 2011 Published 28 January 2011 Abstract About 130 studies were analyzed to compare farm-level energy use and global warming potential GWP of organic and conventional production sectors. Cross cutting issues such as tillage compost soil carbon sequestration and energy offsets were also reviewed. Finally we contrasted E and GWP data from the wider food system. We concluded that the evidence strongly favours organic farming with respect to whole-farm energy use and energy efficiency both on a per hectare and per farm product basis with the possible exception of poultry and fruit sectors. For GWP evidence is insufficient except in a few sectors with results per ha more consistently favouring organic farming than GWP per unit product. Tillage was consistently a negligible contributor to farm E use and additional tillage on organic farms does not appear to significantly deplete soil C. Energy offsets biogas energy crops and residues have a more limited role on organic farms compared to conventional ones because of the nutrient and soil building uses of soil organic matter and the high demand for organic foods in .

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