TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo Y học: Phosphorylation of calmodulin

Calmodulin (CaM) is phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo by multiple protein-serine/threonine and protein-tyrosine kinases. Casein kinase II and myosin light-chain kinase are two of the well established protein-serine/threonine kinases implicated in this process. On the other hand, within the protein-tyrosine kinases involved in the phosphorylation of CaM are receptors with tyrosine kinase activity, such as the insulin receptor and the epidermal growth factor receptor, and nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinases, such as several members of the Src family kinases, Janus kinase 2, and p38Syk | Eur. J. Biochem. 269 3619-3631 2002 FEBS 2002 doi REVIEW ARTICLE Phosphorylation of calmodulin Functional implications Gustavo Benaim1 and Antonio Villalobo2 1Instituto de Biologia Experimental Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Central de Venezuela Caracas Venezuela 2Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas and Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Spain Calmodulin CaM is phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo by multiple protein-serine threonine and protein-tyrosine kinases. Casein kinase II and myosin light-chain kinase are two of the well established protein-serine threonine kinases implicated in this process. On the other hand within the protein-tyrosine kinases involved in the phosphorylation of CaM are receptors with tyrosine kinase activity such as the insulin receptor and the epidermal growth factor receptor and nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinases such as several members of the Src family kinases Janus kinase 2 and p38Syk. The phosphorylation of CaM brings important physiological consequences for the cell as the diverse phosphocalmodulin species have differential actions as compared to nonphosphorylated CaM when acting on different CaM-dependent systems. In this review we will summarize the progress made on this topic as the first report on phosphorylation of CaM was published almost two decades ago. We will emphasize the description of the phosphorylation events mediated by the different protein kinases not only in the test tube but in intact cells the phosphorylation-mediated changes of CaM activity its action on CaM-dependent systems and the functional repercussion of these phosphorylation processes in the physiology of the cell. Keywords calmodulin calmodulin-dependent systems cellular signalling phosphocalmodulin protein kinases phosphoprotein phosphatases. INTRODUCTION Calmodulin as a Ca2 sensor The average cytosolic concentration of free Ca2 in resting cells ranges from 20 to 50 nM

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