TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo khoa học: "PROJECT APRIL -- A PROGRESS REPORT"

Parsing techniques based on rules defining grammaticality are difficult to use with authentic inputs, which are often grammatically messy. Instead, the APRIL system seeks a labelled tree su~cture which maximizes a numerical measure of conformity to statistical norms derived flom a sample of parsed text. No distinction between legal and illegal trees arises: any labelled tree has a value. | PROJECT APRIL A PROGRESS REPORT Robin Haigh Geoffrey Sampson. Eric Atwell Centre for Computer Analysis of Language and Speech University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK ABSTRACT Parsing techniques based on rules defining grammaticality are difficult to use with authentic inputs which are often grammatically messy. Instead the APRIL system seeks a labelled tree structure which maximizes a numerical measure of conformity to statistical norms derived from a sample of parsed text No distinction between legal and illegal trees arises any labelled tree has a value. Because the search space is large and has an irregular geometry APRIL seeks the best tree using simulated annealing a stochastic optimization technique. Beginning with an arbitrary tree many randomly-generated local modifications are considered and adopted or rejected according to their effect on tree-value acceptance decisions are made probabilistically subject to a bias against adverse moves which is very weak at the outset but is made to increase as the random walk through the search space continues. This enables the system to converge on the global optimum without getting trapped in local optima. Performance of an early version of the APRIL system on authentic inputs is yielding analyses with a mean accuracy of using a schedule which increases processing linearly with sentence-length modifications currently being implemented should eliminate a high proportion of the remaining errors. INTRODUCTION Project APRIL Annealing Parser for Realistic Input Language is constructing a software system that uses the stochastic optimization technique known as simulated annealing Kirkpatrick et al. 1983 van Laarhoven Aarts 1987 to parse authentic English inputs by seeking labelled tree-structures that maximize a measure of plausibility defined in terms of empirical statistics on parse-tree configurations drawn from a database of manually parsed English text This approach is a response to the fact that real-life English .

• Báo cáo khoa học
• PROJECT APRIL
• A PROGRESS REPORT
• Robin Haigh
• scientific reports
• model language
• process natural language
• giáo trình kiểm toán
• kiểm toán căn bản
• sai sót trong kiểm toán
• trách nhiệm kiểm toán
• tài chính kiểm toán
• Dialog Control
• Natural Language System
• Dialog Control in a Natural Language System
• Expanding the Horizons
• Natural Language Interfaces
• Phil Hayes
• PROSPECTS OR PRACTICAL
• NATURAL LANGUAGE SYSTEMS
• Workshops
• NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERACTION WITH MACHINES
• Long Papers
• COMPUTER INTEBFACE DESIGN MURRAY TUROFF DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER
• IiVFORMATION SCIENCE IIEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• EVALUATION OF NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERFACES TO DATABASE SYSTEMS
• A PANEL DISCUSSION
• database query system
• J
• Norwood Crout
• INTERFACES TO DATA BASE SYSTEMS
• Bozena Henisz
• INTERPRETING NATURAL LANGUAGE
• DATABASE UPDATES
• S
• Jermld Kaplan Jim David
• TRANSPORTABLE NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERFACES TO DATABASES
• Gary G
• Hendrlx and William H
• Lewis
• DATABASES THEORETICAL
• TECHNICAL ISSUES
• TRANSPORTABLE NATURAL LANGUAGE INTERFACES
• PROBLEMS AND TECHNIQUES
• Barbara J
• Grosz
• THEORETICAL TECHNICAL ISSUES
• NATURAL LANGUAGE ACCESS TO DATABASES
• R
• Petrick
• Domain Independent
• Database Access Systems
• ISSUES IN NATURAL LANGUAGE
• ACCESS TO DATABASES
• A LOGIC PROGRAMMING PERSPECTIVE
• Sharon C
• Salveter David Maier
• PLANNING NATURAL LANGUAGE
• EXPRESSIONS REFERRING
• Douglas E
• Appelt
• THE TEXT SYSTEM
• NATURAL LANGUAGE GENERATION
• Kathleen R
• M
• MENTING A DATABASE
• KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
• THE KEY TO THE SELECTION PROBLEM
• E
• Jeffrey Conklin David D
• McDonald
• A KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING
• NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING
• Stuart C
• Shapiro
• NATURAL LANGUAGE TEXTS
• NECESSARILY GRAMMATICAL
• EVEN COMPLETE
• UNGRAMHATICALITY
• EXTRA GRAMMATICALITY
• NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING SYSTEMS
• Taxonomy
• Descriptions
• Individuals in Natural
• Language Understanding
• The Use of Ooject Special Knowledge
• Natural Language Processing
• Mark H
• Bursteln