TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo khoa học: "Decomposition and Stress Assignment for Speech Synthesis"

Speech Typically words are converted to phonemes in one of two ways: either by looking the words up in a dictionary (with possibly some limited morphological analysis), or by sounding the words out from their spelling using basic principles. • Dictionary Lookup • Letter to Sound Both appt~oaches have their advantages and disadvantages; dictionary lookup fails for unknown words (., proper nouns) and letter to sound rules fail for irregular words, which are all too common in English. | Msrphaỉoglcãi Decomposition and Stress Assignment for Speech Synthesis Kenneth Church Bell Laboratories 600 Mountain Ave. Murray Hill . research ialice kwc kwc@ 1. Background A speech synthesizer is a machine that inputs a stream of text and outputs a speech signal. This paper will discuss a small piece of how words are converted to phonemes. Text i Intonation Phrases I WORDS i PHONEMES i Lpc Dyads Prosodies ị Speech Typically words are converted to phonemes in one of two ways either by looking the words up in a dictionary with possibly some limited morphological analysis or by sounding the words out from their spelling using basic principles. Dictionary Lookup Letter to Sound Both approaches have their advantages and disadvantages dictionary lookup fails for unknown words . proper nouns and letter to sound rules fail for irregular words which are all too common in English. Most speech synthesizers adopt a hybrid strategy using the dictionary when possible and turning to letter to sound rules for the rest. I discussed letter to sound rules at the last meeting of the ACL Church this paper will report on some new dictionary lookup approaches with an emphasis on morphology. Morphological decomposition is used to reduce the size of the dictionary and to increase coverage. Instead of storing all possible words the system can store just a lexicon of morphemes and save a factor of 10 Jon Allen personal communication in storage. Now when the system is given a word and asked to determine is pronunciation the system decomposes the word into known morphemes looks up the pronunciation of each of the pieces and combines the results. 2. MITalk Decomp The best known morphological decomposition system is the Decomp module in the MITalk sysnthesizer Allen et. al. . This system attempted to parse an input word such as formally into morphemes form -al and -ly. It was assumed that morphemes are concatenated together like beads on a string according to the finite state

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