TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo khoa học: "Expanding the Horizons of Natural Language Interfaces"

Most attempts to incorporate non-literal aspects of communication into natural language interlaces have attempted to model human performance as closely as possible. The typical mode of communication in such an interface, in which system and user type alternately on a single scroll of pager (or scrolled display screen), has been used as an analogy to normal spoken human conversation in Wlllcll contmunicallon takes place over a similar half-duplex channel, . a channel that only one party at a time can use witllout danger of confusion. . | Expanding the Horizons of Natural Language Interfaces Phil Kayes Computer Science Department. Carnegie-Mellon University Pittsburgh. PA 15213 USA Abstract Current natural language Interfaces have concentrated largely on determining the literal meaning of input from their users. While such decoding is an essential underpinning much recent work suggests that natural language interfaces will never appear cooperative or graceful unless they also incorporate numerous non-literal aspects of communication such as robust communication procedures. This paper defends that view but claims that direct imitation of human performance IS not the best way to implement many of these non-literal aspects of communication that the new technology of powerful personal computers with integral graphics displays offers techniques superior to those of humans for these aspects while still satisfying human communication needs. The paper proposes interfaces based on a judicious mixture of these techniques and the still valuable methods of more traditional natural language interfaces. 1. Introduction Most work so far on natural language communication between man and machine has dealt with its literal aspects. That is. natural language interfaces have implicitly adopted the position that their user s input encodes a request for information or action and that their job is to decode the request retrieve the information or perform the action and provide appropriate output back to the user. This is essentially what Thomas 24 calls the Encoding-Decoding model of conversation. While literal interpretation is a basic underpinning of communication much recent work In artificial intelligence linguistics and related fields has shown that It is far from the whole story in human communication. For example appropriate interpretation of an utterance depends on assumptions about the speaker s intentions and conversely the speaker s goals influence what Is said Hobbs 13 . Thomas 24 . People often make mistakes

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