TAILIEUCHUNG - COMMITTEE ON CULTURE, SCIENCE AND EDUCATION

In its first part, the survey explored and highlighted the gender gap in social media usage in the Arab world. Given the sizable difference in percentage of male and female users in the region (the latter constituting only a third of Facebook users) 19 , respondents were asked to identify the main barriers that they perceived were holding back Arab women from fully utilizing social media. The largest of these barriers was identified as the societal and cultural constraints placed on women in the Arab world. To further benchmark women’s use of social media against men’s in the Arab world, the second section. | AS Cult Media 2009 03 24 September 2009 COMMITTEE ON CULTURE SCIENCE AND EDUCATION Sub-Committee on the Media Respect for Media Freedom Rapporteur Mr Andrew McIntosh United Kingdom Socialist Group Background report Prepared by William Horsley International Director of the Centre for Freedom of the Media CFOM at the University of Sheffield and UK and Media Freedom Representative of the Association of European Journalists AEJ 1. This Report was written to assist the Parliamentary Assembly to act on its concerns about physical assaults and other forms of serious harassment of journalists in Europe. It describes the wide extent of the severe violations of media freedom including the documented record of murders of journalists and violent attacks on them in Council of Europe member states from early 2007 to September 2009. 2. The Report draws on the detailed findings of leading international and national monitoring organisations which together provide evidence that during the past three years Europe has suffered a marked setback in the overall level of media freedom. It is apparent from this survey of the last three years that the violations and abuses are more acute and pervasive than has been widely understood. 3. This assessment uses as its reference point the Parliamentary Assembly s Indicators for Media in a Democracy which were agreed last year as guidelines to apply the principles of media freedom to be respected in a democratic society Assembly Resolution 1636 2008 . The Indicators cover a broad range of threats including acts of violence restrictive laws and the misuse of political authority interference with the independence and fair regulation of the media and professional and ethical standards. My detailed assessment follows after an overview of the landscape for media freedom across Europe. Overview of violent assaults and severe violations of freedom of expression in the media 4. A pattern of violence and intimidation and habitual use of oppressive laws .

• Báo chí - Truyền thông
• Abiotic Stress
• SRO Family
• Characterization
• Plant Antioxidative
• Heavy Metal Toxicity
• Genetic and Molecular
• A constraint in farming
• Heat stress
• Water logging
• Mneral toxicity
• Mutualistic Symbio tic
• Crop plants
• Abiotic stress management of crop plants
• Plant Endophyte interaction
• Molecular breeding
• Anthesis SilkingInterval
• Abiotic stress (Drought) tolerance in maize
• Recent advances in breeding
• Biotic and abiotic stress
• Genetic improvement of wheat
• Genetic improvement
• Wheat for biotic
• Abiotic stress tolerance
• High temperature
• Cellular changes
• Impact of abiotic stress
• Plant growth
• Crop production
• Abiotic stress tolerance in legumes
• Critical approaches
• Global climate changes
• Food production presently exacerbated
• Compatible solute
• Epigenetic modification
• Cross talk
• Seed germination
• Stress tolerance
• BMC Plant Biology
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Biotic stress
• Plant physiology
• Ferritin lacking mutant
• Triticum aestivum L
• A brassicae
• Cytosolic calcium elevation
• Plant Biology
• Creeping bentgrass
• Small heat shock protein
• Especially heat stress
• Tamarix hispida
• Turkish Journal of Botany
• Tạp chí Thực vật học
• Gene expression
• Posttranslational modification
• Small molecules
• Stress combinations
• Water status
• Vitis vinifera
• Abiotic biotic stress
• Manage Abiotic Stress
• Genetic Diversity
• Characterisation
• Plant Responses
• Abiotic Stresses
• Importance of Genetic
• Dryland Regions
• Trehalose and Abiotic
• Biological Systems
• Glyoxalase System
• Organic farming
• Biotic and abiotic stress tolerance
• Solanaceous vegetables
• Alternate tool for biotic
• Abiotic tolerance
• Improved growth and production
• Rubisco and abiotic stresses in plants
• 1 5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
• Photo respiratory carbon oxidation
• ATP dependent manner
• Chlorophyll
• Salinity Stress
• Salt Tolerance
• Harvested Fruits
• Fruits and Vegetables
• Moisture stress
• Salinity management
• Cereals and pulses
• Amelioration in cereals
• Genetics and Adaptation
• Plant Genes
• Diagnosis