TAILIEUCHUNG - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Infections. During infancy, a number of viruses have been associated with the inception of the asthmatic phenotype. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza virus produce a pattern of symptoms including bronchiolitis that parallel many features of childhood asthma53,54. A number of long-term prospective studies of children admitted to the hospital with documented RSV have shown that approximately 40% will continue to wheeze or have asthma into later childhood53. On the other hand, evidence also indicates that certain respiratory infections early in life, including measles and sometimes even RSV, may protect against the development of asthma55,56. The data do not allow specific conclusions to be drawn. The “hygiene hypothesis” of asthma suggests that exposure to. | MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Stephen B. Harsh Department of Agricultural Economics Michigan State University harsh@ INTRODUCTION Management information systems encompass a broad and complex topic. To make this topic more manageable boundaries will be defined. First because of the vast number of activities relating to management information systems a total review is not possible. Those discussed here is only a partial sampling of activities reflecting the author s viewpoint of the more common and interesting developments. Likewise where there were multiple effects in a similar area of development only selected ones will be used to illustrate concepts. This is not to imply one effort is more important than another. Also the main focus of this paper will be on information systems for use at the farm level and to some lesser extent systems used to support researchers addressing farm level problems . simulation or optimization models geographic information systems etc. and those used to support agribusiness firms that supply goods and services to agricultural producers and the supply chain beyond the production phase. Secondly there are several frameworks that can be used to define and describe management information systems. More than one will be used to discuss important concepts. Because more than one is used it indicates the difficult of capturing the key concepts of what is a management information system. Indeed what is viewed as an effective and useful management information system is one environment may not be of use or value in another. Lastly the historical perspective of management information systems cannot be ignored. This perspective gives a sense of how these systems have evolved been refined and adapted as new technologies have emerged and how changing economic conditions and other factors have influenced the use of information systems. Before discussing management information systems some time-tested concepts should be reviewed. Davis offers

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