TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Basic pathology (4th edition): Part 2

Part 2 book "Basic pathology" presentation of content: presentation of content: Vascular occlusion and thrombosis, atherosclerosis and hypertension, circulatory failure, benign grown disorders, menign grown disorders, what causes cancer, molecular genetics of cancer, the behaviour of tumours, the clinical effects of tumours. | Prologue: What is a disease? 163 PART 3 CIRCULATORY DISORDERS Introduction: Features of circulatory disorders 165 Chapter 7: Vascular occlusion and thrombosis 169 Vascular occlusion Thrombosis Embolism Disseminated intravascular coagulation Chapter 8: Atherosclerosis and hypertension Clinical case: atherosclerosis Hypertension Aneurysms Chapter 9: Circulatory failure 169 169 180 186 189 189 203 207 Shock Clinical case: myocardial infarction Anaemia Organ damage due to poor perfusion Strokes Clinicopathological case study: circulatory failure 211 211 211 220 227 229 236 This page intentionally left blank INTRODUCTION FEATURES OF CIRCULATORY DISORDERS When I first applied my mind to observation from the many dissections of Living Creatures as they came to hand, that by that means I might find out the use of the motion of the Heart and things conducible in Creatures; I straightways found it a thing hard to be attained, and full of difficulty, so with Fracastorius I did almost believe, that the motion of the heart was known to God alone. William Harvey (1578–1657) It is extraordinary to think that diseases whose effects are as diverse as those of gangrene, strokes, heart attacks and divers’‘bends’ are all disorders of the circulatory general features of circulatory disorders are almost the opposite of the cardinal features of inflammation, which are covered in part 1: for ‘calor (heat), rubor (redness), tumor (swelling) and dolor (pain)’ read ‘coldness, pallor/cyanosis, pain and loss of sensation’. Why is this? The drop in temperature and change in colour are easily understood, since blood carries body heat from the core and dissipates it in the extremities and it is the red colour of the oxygenated haemoglobin pigment in the red blood cells which makes pale-skinned persons look pink. Anything decreasing blood flow to a finger or toe will decrease the tissue perfusion by warm blood, making it cold and pale, and any delay in delivery of red

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• Basic pathology
• Vascular occlusion and thrombosis
• Atherosclerosis and hypertension
• Circulatory failure
• Benign grown disorders
• Menign grown disorders
• Molecular genetics of cancer
• Robbins basic pathology
• Cell injury
• Cell death
• The immune system
• Pediatric diseases
• General pathology of infectious diseases
• Nutritional diseases
• Lymphoid systems
• Textbook of pathology
• Cellular adaptations
• The study of pathology
• Inflammation and healing
• Parasitic diseases
• Disorders of leucocytes
• Lymphoreticular tissues
• Basic diagnostic cytology
• Causes and mechanisms
• What causes disease
• The body’s response to infection
• The acute inflammatory response
• The immune defence against infection
• Oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract
• Male genital system
• Lower urinary tract
• Female genital system and breast
• Endocrine system
• Peripheral nerves and muscles
• Central nervous system
• Hemodynamic disorders
• Gastrointestinal tract
• Collecting system
• M ale genital system
• Acquired metabolic disorders
• Hereditary metabolic diseases
• Congenital malformations
• Perinatal diseases
• pathology of skeletal muscle
• Pathology of peripheral nerve
• Diseases of the pituitary gland
• Fundamentals of renal pathology
• Renal anatomy
• Basic conceptsand methods
• Glomerular diseases
• Nephroticsyndrome presentations
• Glomerular disease with nephriticsyndrome presentations
• Systemic diseases affecting the kidney
• Fundamentals of musculoskeletal ultrasound
• Basic pathology concepts
• Shoulder ultrasound
• Elbow ultrasound
• Wrist and hand ultrasound
• The central nervous system
• Central nervous system trauma
• Neuropathology of vascular disease
• Human prion diseases
• Pathology of degenerative diseases
• The nervous system
• Intensive care medicine
• Critical care
• Cardiovascular disorders
• Endocrinologic disorders
• Environmental disorders
• Gastrointestinal disorders
• Clinical diagnostic tests
• Critical care oncology
• Pulmonary disorders
• Special techniques
• Fluid–electrolyte disorders