TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Donald school textbook of ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology (3rd edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Donald school textbook of ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology" presents the following contents: Doppler sonography in obstetrics, postpartum ultrasound, fetal behavior, amniocentesis and fetal blood sampling, amniocentesis and fetal blood sampling, ultrasound and uterine fibroid,. | 30 C H A P T E R Ultrasound in the Management of the Alloimmunized Pregnancy Daniel W Skupski INTRODUCTION Due to the advent of ultrasound imaging the diagnosis and treatment of red blood cell RBC alloimmunization is arguably the quintessential success story in obstetrics. The pathophysiology is well described the diagnosis is easily and reliably established and life-saving treatment for the fetus and newborn is available both in utero and after delivery with a high degree of success. Ultrasound has been used for diagnosis and as an adjunct for the treatment of RBC alloimmunization for several decades and the applications for ultrasound are continuing to expand. This chapter will outline the current uses of ultrasound in the setting of the alloimmunized pregnancy. HISTORY Sir Richard Liley began the modern era of fetal therapy with the introduction of amniocentesis for testing of the amniotic fluid for bilirubin levels by The degree of change in the optical density at a wavelength of 450 nm delta OD450 of light during spectrophotometry of amniotic fluid correlates with the level of bilirubin in the fluid due to the preferential absorption of light at this wavelength by bilirubin. High levels of bilirubin in amniotic fluid correlate with the severity of RBC alloimmunization and have been used to guide therapy. Beginning around 1961 treatment for severe RBC alloimmunization consisted of either percutaneous intraperitoneal fetal transfusion IPT or early At that time imaging to guide the needle placement for IPT was in the form of amniography placement of radio-opaque dye into the amniotic cavity followed by fluoroscopy using radiation to outline the fetus and guide needle placement into the fetal abdominal cavity. Real-time ultrasound subsequently replaced amniography as the imaging study of choice. Real-time ultrasound allowed the development of percutaneous intravascular blood transfusion to the fetus. This first occurred by fetoscopy

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• Ultrasound in obstetrics
• Ultrasound in gynecology
• Doppler sonography in obstetrics
• Postpartum ultrasound
• Fetal blood sampling
• Ultrasound and uterine fibroid
• Safety of ultrasound in obstetrics
• Safety of ultrasound in gynecology
• Development of 3d ultrasound
• Ultrasound markers of implantation
• Ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology
• A practical approach
• Basic physical principles
• Medical ultrasound
• Basic characteristics
• The second trimester
• The ultrasound examination
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Writing the ultrasound report
• Placental abnormalities
• Amniotic fluid assessment
• Uderstanding ultrasound physics
• ultrasound lectures
• diagnostic imaging
• ultrasound
• general ultrasound
• diagnostic imaging lecture
• Differential diagnosis in ultrasound
• Mesenteric masses
• Testis and epididymis
• Musculoskeletal system
• Neonatal and infant brain
• Infant spine
• Gynecology and obstetrics
• medical books
• pharmacology
• epidemiologic
• Obstetrics
• anatomy
• Preventing Morbidity
• Multidisciplinary Care