TAILIEUCHUNG - Application of Computers in Process Control

PID controllers are probably the most commonly used controller structures in industry. They do, however, present some challenges to control and instrumentation engineers in the aspect of tuning of the gains required for stability and good transient performance. There are several prescriptive rules used in PID tuning. An example is that proposed by Ziegler and Nichols in the 1940's and described in this note. | ECET- 462 Page 1 of 7 Application of Computers in Process Control Purdue University Calumet LABORATORY 8 Tuning of a PID controller using Ziegler-Nichols Method Page 2 of 7 Tuning of a PID controller using Ziegler-Nichols Method LAB 8 Objective 1 To demonstrate the use of PID controller using LabVIEW. 2 Finding the values of KP and TI and TD using Ziegler Nichols Method for Tuning the PID controller Software required LabVIEW Background PID controllers are probably the most commonly used controller structures in industry. They do however present some challenges to control and instrumentation engineers in the aspect of tuning of the gains required for stability and good transient performance. There are several prescriptive rules used in PID tuning. An example is that proposed by Ziegler and Nichols in the 1940 s and described in this note. The PID controller encapsulates three of the most important controller structures in a single package. The parallel form of a PID controller has transfer function c c s KP - Kds Kp 1 -L Tds 11s where Kp Proportional Gain Ki Integral Gain Ti Reset Time Kp Ki Kd Derivative gain Td Rate time or derivative time Parallel Form of the PID Compensator Page 3 of 7 The proportional term in the controller generally helps in establishing system stability and improving the transient response while the derivative term is often used when it is necessary to improve the closed loop response speed even further. Conceptually the effect of the derivative term is to feed information on the rate of change of the measured variable into the controller action. The most important term in the controller is the integrator term that introduces a pole at s 0 in the forward loop of the process. This makes the compensated open loop system . original system plus PID controller a type 1 system at least our knowledge of steady state errors tells us that such systems are required for perfect steady state setpoint tracking. Ziegler-Nichols Tuning In 1942 Ziegler .

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