TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Biochemistry (2/e): Chapter 11 - Reginald Garrett, Charles Grisham

In this chapter, the following content will be discussed: What are the structures of the nucleotides? How are nucleotides joined together to form nucleic acids? How is information stored in nucleic acids? What are the biological functions of nucleotides and nucleic acids? | Chapter 11 Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids to accompany Biochemistry, 2/e by Reginald Garrett and Charles Grisham All rights reserved. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to: Permissions Department, Harcourt Brace & Company, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777 1 Outline Nitrogenous Bases The Pentoses of Nucleotides and NA Nucleosides are Formed by Joining a Nitrogenous Base to a Sugar Nucleotides - Nucleoside Phosphates Nucleic Acids are Polynucleotides Classes of Nucleic Acids Hydrolysis of Nucleic Acids 2 Information Transfer in Cells See Figure Information encoded in a DNA molecule is transcribed via synthesis of an RNA molecule The sequence of the RNA molecule is "read" and is translated into the sequence of amino acids in a protein. 3 Nitrogenous Bases Know the basic structures Pyrimidines Cytosine (DNA, RNA) Uracil (RNA) Thymine (DNA) Purines Adenine (DNA, RNA) Guanine (DNA, RNA) 4 Properties of Pyrimidines and Purines Keto-enol tautomerism Acid/base dissociations Strong absorbance of UV light 5 Pentoses of Nucleotides Know these structures too D-ribose (in RNA) 2-deoxy-D-ribose (in DNA) The difference - 2'-OH vs 2'-H This difference affects secondary structure and stability 6 Nucleosides Linkage of a base to a sugar Base is linked via a glycosidic bond The carbon of the glycosidic bond is anomeric Named by adding -idine to the root name of a pyrimidine or -osine to the root name of a purine Conformation can be syn or anti Sugars make nucleosides more water-soluble than free bases 7 Nucleotides Nucleoside phosphates Know the nomenclature "Nucleotide phosphate" is redundant! Most nucleotides are ribonucleotides Nucleotides are polyprotic acids 8 Functions of Nucleotides Nucleoside 5'-triphosphates are carriers of energy Bases serve as recognition units Cyclic nucleotides are signal molecules and regulators of cellular metabolism and reproduction

• Sinh học
• Lecture Biochemistry
• Biological phenomena
• Living systems
• Structure of cells
• Nucleic acids
• Nitrogenous bases
• Principles of biochemistry
• Lecture Principles of biochemistry
• Biological systems
• Biochemical compounds
• Biological macromolecules
• Chemical principles
• Properties of water
• Hydrogen bonding
• Amino acids
• Amino acid structure
• Protein purification
• Cell extract
• Protein classification
• Protein 3 Dimensional structure
• Protein folding
• Protein 3 D structure
• 3 D structure
• Oxygen binding curve
• Enzyme kinetics
• Rate constants
• Catalytic Power
• Classes of enzymes
• Inhibitor kinetics
• Enzyme regulation
• Allosteric regulation
• Enzyme action
• Mechanisms of enzyme action
• Ions Cofactors
• Metal ion
• Nguyên lý hóa sinh
• Biotin cofactor
• Conformation of monosaccharides
• Carbohydrate classifications
• Oligo carbohydrate
• Polysaccharides carbohydrate
• Lipid subclasses
• Acyl lipids
• Fluid mosaic model
• membrane transporters
• Metabolism proceed
• Anaeorbic process
• Triose Phosphate Isomerase
• Regulation of glycolysis
• Control points in glycolysis
• Citric acid cycle
• TCA cycle
• Additional pathways
• Carbohydrate metabolism
• Electron transport
• Chemosmotic theory