TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Clinical chemistry (organ function tests, laboratory investigation - 2nd edition): Part 1

(BQ) Part 2 book "Clinical chemistry (organ function tests, laboratory investigation)" presents the following contents: Laboratory investigations, miscellaneous, inborn metabolic diseases (inborn errors of metabolism). | Chapter 16 Hyperthyroidism INTRODUCTION The term hyperthyroidism denotes the biochemical physiological and clinical findings associated with hyperactivity of thyroid gland. The condition is characterized by generalized enhancement of metabolic rate and oxygen consumption with or without weight loss. Common manifestations of the disease comprise nervousness emotional lability insomnia frequent bowel movements heat intolerance excessive sweating and increased weight loss. Dyspnoea and palpitations along with oligo-menorrhoea and amenorrhoea in premenopausal women also tend to occur. THYROTOXICOSIS TYPES AND CAUSES The term thyrotoxicosis signifies the clinical condition when tissues are exposed and respond to excess thyroid hormones. The aetiology of the condition might be primary hyperfunction of thyroid gland or any other abnormality leading to increased plasma thyroid hormone levels. Therefore thyrotoxicosis is not a specific disease but a clinical condition which can originate from a variety of problems Table and may or may not be associated with hyperthyroidism. The sustained overproduction of thyroid hormones by the gland itself Table Types and causes of thyrotoxicosis With hyperthyroidism I. Hyperthyrotropism increased TSH Pituitary tumour Pituitary resistance to thyroid hormones I I . Abnormal stimulation Graves disease Trophoblastic tumour III. Functionally autonomous tissue Adenoma Multinodular goitre Without hyperthyroidism Thyrotoxic factitia Functioning carcinoma Struma ovarii Transient thyrotoxicosis with thyroiditis may be due to excessive secretion of TSH which in turn might originate from a pituitary tumour or associated with resistance of pituitary to the raised levels of thyroid hormones. Sometimes the source of thyroid hormones can be extra-thyroidal also . functioning metastatic carcinoma of thyroid and thyrotoxicosis factitia Hamburger s toxicosis that results from accidental ingestion of meat containing animal thyroid tissue. .

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