TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo khoa học: "Predicting Formal vs. Informal Address in English Literature"

In contrast to many languages (like Russian or French), modern English does not distinguish formal and informal (“T/V”) address overtly, for example by pronoun choice. We describe an ongoing study which investigates to what degree the T/V distinction is recoverable in English text, and with what textual features it correlates. Our findings are: (a) human raters can label English utterances as T or V fairly well, given sufficient context; (b), lexical cues can predict T/V almost at human level. . | I Thou Thee Thou Traitor Predicting Formal vs. Informal Address in English Literature Manaal Faruqui Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India manaalfar@ Sebastian Padó Computational Linguistics Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany pado@ Abstract In contrast to many languages like Russian or French modern English does not distinguish formal and informal T V address overtly for example by pronoun choice. We describe an ongoing study which investigates to what degree the T V distinction is recoverable in English text and with what textual features it correlates. Our findings are a human raters can label English utterances as T or V fairly well given sufficient context b lexical cues can predict T V almost at human level. 1 Introduction In many Indo-European languages such as French German or Hindi there are two pronouns corresponding to the English you. This distinction is generally referred to as the T V dichotomy from the Latin pronouns tu informal T and vos formal V Brown and Gilman 1960 . The V form can express neutrality or polite distance and is used to address socially superiors. The T form is employed for friends or addressees of lower social standing and implies solidarity or lack of formality. Some examples for V pronouns in different languages are Sie German Vous French and IM Aap Hindi . The corresponding T pronouns are du tu and Ipr tum . English used to have a T V distinction until the 18th century using you as V and thou as T pronoun. However in contemporary English you has taken over both uses and the T V distinction is not marked morphosyntactically any more. This makes generation in English and translation into English easy. 467 Conversely the extraction of social information from texts and translation from English into languages with a T V distinction is very difficult. In this paper we investigate the possibility to recover the T V distinction based on monolingual English .

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