TAILIEUCHUNG - Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 113

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 113 provides a wide variety of perspectives on both traditional and more recent views of Earth's resources. It serves as a bridge connecting the domains of resource exploitation, environmentalism, geology, and biology, and it explains their interrelationships in terms that students and other nonspecialists can understand. The articles in this set are extremely diverse, with articles covering soil, fisheries, forests, aluminum, the Industrial Revolution, the . Department of the Interior, the hydrologic cycle, glass, and placer mineral deposits. . | 1048 Russia Global Resources ore output was expected to be in the range of 100 to 105 million metric tons per year by 2010. A further limited increase in iron-ore production was projected to the year 2020 without a significant expansion of the resource base. The resource base for iron ore was not considered profitable for investment because of taxation issues and technological problems related to mining and processing the low-grade ores. Other Resources Russia has many world-class resources other than the ones described. The Noril sk-Talnakh deposit in Russia is not only the world s richest nickel deposit but also one of the world s largest platinum-group-metal and copper deposits. Global platinum-group-metal production and reserves are dominated by South Africa. According to Russia s minister of natural resources Russia has more than 40 percent of the world s platinum-group-metal reser ves and almost all reserves are in mixed sulfide ores at the Noril sk complex. More than 50 percent of Russia s copper metal production was produced by Noril sk Nickel from ore mined by the company. The remainder came from a much smaller amount of ore mined in the Ural Mountains and a large amount of secondary material. In 1999 Russia ranked sixth in the world in alumina production and eighth in the world in bauxite output. Russia ranked fourth in the world in mine output of antimony in 1999. All antimony reserves are in the Sakha Republic. The only sources of antimony production are gold antimony quartz vein-type deposits which account for about 50 percent of the antimony reser ves. Russia is not only the leading countr y for available fossil fuels such as oil natural gas and coal but also a source of substantial unconventional energy resources such as coal-bed methane peat and oil shales which contain large amount of fuels. These resources are uneconomical to exploit at present but emerging technologies are being developed to allow for economical production in the near future. .

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