TAILIEUCHUNG - Plant physiology - Chapter 21 Cytokinins: Regulators of Cell Division

THE CYTOKININS WERE DISCOVERED in the search for factors that stimulate plant cells to divide (., undergo cytokinesis). Since their discovery, cytokinins have been shown to have effects on many other physiological and developmental processes, including leaf senescence, nutrient mobilization, apical dominance, the formation and activity of shoot apical meristems, floral development, the breaking of bud dormancy, and seed germination. Cytokinins also appear to mediate many aspects of light-regulated development, including chloroplast differentiation, the development of autotrophic metabolism, and leaf and cotyledon expansion. Although cytokinins regulate many cellular processes, the control of cell division is central in plant growth and. | Chapter 2 Cytokinins Regulators of Cell Division THE CYTOKININS WERE DISCOVERED in the search for factors that stimulate plant cells to divide . undergo cytokinesis . Since their discovery cytokinins have been shown to have effects on many other physiological and developmental processes including leaf senescence nutrient mobilization apical dominance the formation and activity of shoot apical meristems floral development the breaking of bud dormancy and seed germination. Cytokinins also appear to mediate many aspects of light-regulated development including chloroplast differentiation the development of autotrophic metabolism and leaf and cotyledon expansion. Although cytokinins regulate many cellular processes the control of cell division is central in plant growth and development and is considered diagnostic for this class of plant growth regulators. For these reasons we will preface our discussion of cytokinin function with a brief consideration of the roles of cell division in normal development wounding gall formation and tissue culture. Later in the chapter we will examine the regulation of plant cell proliferation by cytokinins. Then we will turn to cytokinin functions not directly related to cell division chloroplast differentiation the prevention of leaf senescence and nutrient mobilization. Finally we will consider the molecular mechanisms underlying cytokinin perception and signaling. CELL DIVISION AND PLANT DEVELOPMENT Plant cells form as the result of cell divisions in a primary or secondary meristem. Newly formed plant cells typically enlarge and differentiate but once they have assumed their function whether transport photosynthesis support storage or protection usually they do not divide again during the life of the plant. In this respect they appear to be similar to animal cells which are considered to be terminally differentiated. However this similarity to the behavior of animal cells is only superficial. Almost every type of plant cell that .

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