TAILIEUCHUNG - An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology part 33

An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology part 33. This one of a kind encyclopedia presents the entire field of technology from rudimentary agricultural tools to communication satellites in this first of its kind reference source. Following an introduction that discusses basic tools, devices, and mechanisms, the chapters are grouped into five parts that provide detailed information on materials, power and engineering, transportation, communication and calculation, and technology and society, revealing how different technologies have together evolved to produce enormous changes in the course of history | PART TWO POWER AND ENGINEERING Figure 302 STEAM AND INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Figure Vertical section of the 1300MW 3600rpm cross-compound turbine built by Brown Boveri Co. and installed at the Gavin station of the American Electric Power Co. in 1974. Steam inlet conditions 241bar 3500psig 538 C 1000 F with single reheat to 538 C 1000 F . This is the largest steam turbine in the world supplied by a fossil-fuel fired steam generator. Although this turbine is described as a cross-compound introduced because sections of the machine are divided to drive two separate loads it also incorporates tandem compound features introduced because the high pressure upper left and intermediate pressure lower left sections are coupled to the low pressure sections on the right . All sections are double flow introduced c. 1906 with steam supply at the centre point of the section. The steam flows in opposite axial directions balancing any thrust on the rotors from the stage pressure drops. The high pressure section is supplied with steam from the steam generator. This section then exhausts through the reheater to the intermediate pressure section which in turn exhausts to the four low pressure sections. Double shell construction introduced 1937 is used in all sections. The increasing inlet temperatures and pressure shown in Figure are a consequence of the desire to increase the efficiency of the thermodynamic cycle of which the steam turbine is a part. The result has been a considerable improvement in cycle efficiency over the years as indicated by the decreasing plant heat rate. Reliability is as important as efficiency and the continual advances in steam conditions and power output have required a corresponding effort in metallurgy material behaviour and inspection blade and disc vibration and fluid mechanics. The fact that reliability has been maintained with the continuing need to increase the turbine operating parameters is a monument to the engineers

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