TAILIEUCHUNG - Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 78

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 78 provides a wide variety of perspectives on both traditional and more recent views of Earth's resources. It serves as a bridge connecting the domains of resource exploitation, environmentalism, geology, and biology, and it explains their interrelationships in terms that students and other nonspecialists can understand. The articles in this set are extremely diverse, with articles covering soil, fisheries, forests, aluminum, the Industrial Revolution, the . Department of the Interior, the hydrologic cycle, glass, and placer mineral deposits. . | 718 Manufacturing energy use in Global Resources A worker at the Kawasaki manufacturing plant in New York assembles a New York City subway car. Industrial manufacturing accounts for a significant portion of the energy used in the United States. AP Wide World Photos the necessary equipment and a flick of a switch rather than a large engine and the inconvenient often dangerous belts used to transfer power to various pieces of equipment. Energy efficiency and materials efficiency grow as technology evolves. Often increased efficiency is simply a by-product of increased production or quality. Each doubling of cumulative production tends to drop production costs including energy costs by 20 percent. These improvements are connected to control of heat control of motion and the development of entirely new processes. Heat Heat is the greatest component of manufacturing energy use. Heat or the removal of heat involves the same issues that space conditioning of a home does. One can add more fuel or reduce losses through increased efficiency. Efficiency can be increased by hav ing more insulation in the walls a furnace that burns more completely a furnace that uses exhaust gases to preheat air coming into it a stove with a lighter rather than a pilot light and controls that shut off heat to unused areas. Manufacturing has the additional option of selling excess heat or buying low-grade heat for cogeneration. Often a manufacturing plant only needs low-grade heat of several hundred degrees for dr ying or curing materials. This heat production does not fully use the energy of the fuel. An electrical power plant running at 600 Celsius can generate electricity and then send its waste heat on to the industrial process. A manufacturing plant also applies energy to materials and in these processes there are many choices. Heat may be applied in an oven large or small . Some energy may also be applied directly. For instance oven curing of paint on car parts has been replaced by .

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