TAILIEUCHUNG - Facial Expressions in Hollywood's Portrayal of Emotion

Much theory and research on emotion are based on the facial expressions of amateurs asked to pose for still photographs. The theory of facial affect programs (FAPs; P. Ekman, 1972) was proposed to account for the resulting expressions, most of which are patterns consisting of distinguishable parts. In the present study, 4 Hollywood films noted for fine acting and realism were examined for the facial expressions that accompany a basic emotion. In keeping with the theory of FAPs, profes- sional actors judged as happy were found smiling in 97% (Duchenne smiling in 74%) of cases. In contrast, actors judged as surprised, afraid, angry, disgusted, or sad. | Copyright 1997 by the American Psychological Association Inc. 0022-35l4 97 Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1997. Vol. 72. No. I 164-176 Facial Expressions in Hollywood s Portrayal of Emotion James M. Carroll and James A. Russell University of British Columbia Much theory and research on emotion are based on the facial expressions of amateurs asked to pose for still photographs. The theory of facial affect programs FAPs p. Ekman 1972 was proposed to account for the resulting expressions most of which are patterns consisting of distinguishable parts. In the present study 4 Hollywood films noted for fine acting and realism were examined for . the facial expressions that accompany a basic emotion. In keeping with the theory of FAPs professional actors judged as happy were found smiling in 97 Duchenne smiling in 74 of cases. In contrast actors judged as surprised afraid angry disgusted or sad rarely showed the predicted pattern found in 0 to 31 of cases . typically they used one or two parts from the full pattern. If these films represent real life these findings favor a theory that assumes separable parts . components theory over the older theory of FAPs. Lazarus 1980 wrote The conduct of our affairs is heavily determined by how we interpret the thoughts and feelings of others. . By watching the faces of others in action we can to some extent know how they feel. . . . Even if the expression is modified or disguised there will be telltale signs pp. vii-viii . Specific facial patterns have been theorized to be biologically hardwired signals that allow one person to know the emotion of another. Izard 1971 Ekrnan and Friesen 1975 1976 and Matsumoto and Ekman 1988 have published now familiar portraits of the facial expressions they hypothesize occur for happiness surprise fear anger disgust and sadness the so-called basic emotions . An example of the kind of pattern hypothesized is shown in Figure 1. Shown such expressions observers from New York to New

• Sân khấu điện ảnh
• current guidelines
• recommend treatment
• symptomatic HIV
• preventive treatment
• Opportunistic infections
• morbidity and mortality
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
• Acute kidney injury
• Current practice guidelines
• Inpatient medicine
• Vertebral osteomyelitis
• Valvular heart disease
• Infective endocarditis
• Venous thromboembolism
• Peripheral arterial disease
• Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
• Public health
• Food based dietary guidelines
• Dietary intakes
• Diet quality
• Environmental impacts
• Current diagnosis
• Sexually transmitted diseases
• Screening guidelines
• Vaginal discharge
• Genital ulcer disease
• Lymphogranuloma venereum
• Commonly encountered genital dermatoses
• Epigenetic Paradigm
• Lifestyle Changes
• Russian Mortality Crisis
• Current Concepts
• Epidemiology
• Pathophysiology and Future Remarks
• current investment
• climate in Denmark
• German market
• German economy
• Legal environment
• Purchase contract
• Gray or White
• Language Deficits
• Novel Imaging
• Medical Therapy
• Current Status
• Future Targets
• Evasion Strategies
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae
• Syphilis
• Protozoal Infection
• Human Trichomoniasis
• Current Perspectives
• antiretroviral treatment
• TB incidence
• antiretroviral drugs
• current evidence base
• genuine concern
• international consensus
• inefficient resource
• society organizations
• Environment and Development
• Composition Courses
• Practical Guidelines
• Current Issues
• Program Assessment
• Practical Resources
• Staff Development